Search the plenary record

Every subject Parliament voted on since the term began in July 2024 — find it by topic, document number, rapporteur or procedure, and filter by the kind of decision.

All 116 sittings of this term are searchable. Index refreshed 14 h ago. Clear search

68 subjects match · 68 adopted, 0 rejected

Wednesday, 16 September 2026 3 matches

  1. Establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034

    The Commission proposed a regulation establishing the Single Market and Customs Programme for the period 2028-2034, which would bring together four existing programmes under one consolidated framework supporting the Single Market, the Customs Union, tax cooperation and the fight against fraud. Parliament adopted its position at first reading on this proposal, setting out its amendments to the text. Parliament called on the Commission to refer the matter to Parliament again if it replaces, substantially amends or intends to substantially amend its proposal, and instructed its President to forward its position to the Council, the Commission and the national parliaments.

    Economy & single marketTrade & customsEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Adnan Dibrani · 1st reading · 13 ballots · voted 14:15 · A-10-2026-0216 · 2025/0590

  2. Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation 2028-2034

    The proposal sets up the Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation and Decommissioning for 2028-2034, replacing two existing Euratom regulations and merging nuclear safety cooperation with the decommissioning of the Commission's Joint Research Centre nuclear sites. Parliament adopted the text as its official position, approving the Commission proposal with amendments. Parliament calls on the Commission to change its proposal accordingly, asks the Council to notify Parliament if it departs from the approved text, and asks to be consulted again if the Council substantially amends the proposal.

    EnergyEU budget & fundsForeign affairs

    New laws · report by Sophie Wilmès · consultation · voted 14:20 · A-10-2026-0196 · 2025/0265

  3. Nuclear decommissioning assistance programme of the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania for the period 2028-2034

    Parliament approved a proposal for a Council regulation that would set up a programme to help Lithuania decommission the Ignalina nuclear power plant from 2028 to 2034, replacing an earlier regulation. Parliament adopted the text as its official position, meaning it supports the programme with changes it has proposed. Parliament calls on the Commission to change its proposal accordingly and on the Council to tell Parliament if it plans to depart from the approved text or to consult Parliament again on substantial changes.

    EnergyEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Virginijus Sinkevičius · consultation · voted 14:22 · A-10-2026-0197 · 2025/0268

Thursday, 9 July 2026 2 matches

  1. Establishment of the digital euro

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed EU law to establish a digital euro, a central bank digital currency for retail payments by consumers and businesses. The digital euro would complement cash and offer a sovereign, secure and accessible pan-European payment option, reducing reliance on non-European providers. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal, and forwards its position to the Council and national parliaments.

    Economy & single marketDigital, AI & data

    New laws · report by Fernando Navarrete Rojas · 1st reading · voted 13:19 · A-10-2026-0185 · 2023/0212

  2. Provision of digital euro services by payment services providers incorporated in Member States whose currency is not the euro and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1230 of the European Parliament and the Council

    The proposed law sets rules for payment service providers based in EU member states that do not use the euro to offer digital euro services, amending a 2021 regulation. Parliament adopted its position on the proposal, meaning it supports the draft regulation as amended. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially changes the proposal, and forwards its position to the Council, Commission, and national parliaments.

    Economy & single marketDigital, AI & data

    New laws · committee report · 1st reading · A-10-2026-0183 · 2023/0211

    Adopted no count published

Tuesday, 7 July 2026 3 matches

  1. Coordination of social security systems

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed law updating the coordination of social security systems across EU member states. The law aims to make it easier for people moving within Europe to keep their social security rights, including unemployment benefits, long-term care, and family benefits. Parliament's position includes changes to unemployment benefit export periods, aggregation of insurance periods, and clarifications on cross-border workers. It also calls for better cooperation between authorities and digitalisation of documents.

    Jobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Gabriele Bischoff · 1st reading · 2 ballots · voted 13:33 · A-8-2018-0386 · 2016/0397

Tuesday, 16 June 2026 2 matches

  1. Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to simplify the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence, known as the Digital Omnibus on AI. The text amends the AI Act and the EASA Basic Regulation to make implementation and enforcement simpler, effective and uniform. Parliament supports postponing the application date, with a set timeline of 2 December 2027 for Annex III systems and 2 August 2028 for Annex I systems. It also introduces targeted adjustments on AI literacy, data processing for bias detection, notified bodies, cybersecurity and sandboxes.

    Digital, AI & dataEconomy & single market

    New laws · report by Arba Kokalari, Michael McNamara · 1st reading · 20 ballots · voted 13:35 · A-10-2026-0073 · 2025/0359

  2. Adopted no count published

Tuesday, 19 May 2026 1 match

  1. Research Fund for Coal and Steel: research programme and multiannual technical and financial guidelines

    Parliament approved the Council's draft decision on the Research Fund for Coal and Steel, covering its research programme and technical and financial guidelines. The decision updates the fund's rules, including a final phase with an increased annual budget to support research calls from 2027 until 2034. Parliament asks the Council to notify it if the Council intends to depart from the approved text.

    EU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Borys Budka · consultation · voted 14:24 · A-10-2026-0130 · 2025/0398

Wednesday, 29 April 2026 1 match

  1. European Chemicals Agency and amending regulations

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed regulation updating the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and related EU chemicals laws. The text aims to strengthen ECHA's governance, align its resources with its tasks, and integrate new responsibilities such as the One Substance One Assessment package. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Christophe Clergeau · 1st reading · 2 ballots · voted 14:28 · A-10-2026-0093 · 2025/0207

Tuesday, 28 April 2026 2 matches

  1. European Globalisation Adjustment Fund: workers affected by imminent job displacement

    The proposal amends the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund to support workers facing imminent job displacement during company restructuring. Parliament adopted its position, broadening the Fund's scope to include workers in direct suppliers and downstream users, with safeguards for social dialogue and State aid clarity. Parliament also calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Jobs, social affairs & equalityEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Liesbet Sommen · 1st reading · voted 14:01 · A-10-2025-0251 · 2025/0073

Thursday, 26 March 2026 1 match

  1. Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to simplify how harmonised rules on artificial intelligence are implemented, amending the AI Act and the EASA Basic Regulation. The position postpones the application date for certain AI systems to 2 December 2027 for Annex III and 2 August 2028 for Annex I, replacing the Commission's proposed link to a decision. It also includes targeted adjustments on AI literacy, data processing for bias detection, notified bodies, cybersecurity, and sandboxes. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Digital, AI & dataEconomy & single market

    New laws · report by Arba Kokalari, Michael McNamara · 1st reading · 55 ballots · voted 11:30 · A-10-2026-0073 · 2025/0359

Tuesday, 10 March 2026 5 matches

  1. Establishing an EU talent pool

    The EU talent pool is a proposed EU-wide platform to match jobseekers from non-EU countries with employers in the Union. Parliament adopted its position on the law, backing the proposal with amendments. The position calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal.

    Migration & asylumJobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Abir Al-Sahlani · 1st reading · 56 ballots · voted 13:14 · A-10-2025-0045 · 2023/0404

  2. Increased efficiency of the External Action Guarantee

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed law to make the EU's External Action Guarantee more efficient. The Guarantee backs loans for development and external action; the changes aim to improve how it is used. MEPs also asked the Commission to consult Parliament again if it changes the proposal substantially.

    Foreign affairsEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by David McAllister, Charles Goerens · 1st reading · 6 ballots · voted 13:15 · A-10-2025-0221 · 2025/0262

Wednesday, 11 February 2026 2 matches

Tuesday, 20 January 2026 2 matches

  1. Adopted no count published
  2. Adopted no count published

Thursday, 18 December 2025 1 match

Wednesday, 17 December 2025 2 matches

  1. European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC)

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed Council regulation amending the rules of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC). The regulation aims to support setting up and operating AI Gigafactories in Europe, which are large-scale facilities for developing frontier AI models. Parliament approved the Commission proposal as amended and calls on the Commission to alter its proposal accordingly.

    Digital, AI & dataEconomy & single market

    New laws · report by Borys Budka · consultation · voted 12:27 · A-10-2025-0241 · 2025/0229

Tuesday, 16 December 2025 4 matches

  1. Incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan

    Parliament adopted its position on a law to incentivise defence-related investments in the EU budget, implementing the ReArm Europe Plan. The law amends several EU funding programmes to support defence technologies, dual-use research, and military mobility, without creating new instruments. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Economy & single marketDefence & securityEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Rihards Kols · 1st reading · 6 ballots · voted 13:07 · A-10-2025-0172 · 2025/0103

  2. Amending certain CAP Regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to amend EU rules on agricultural subsidies, rural development, and related controls and penalties. The amendments cover conditionality, direct payments, sector interventions, and annual performance reporting, as well as data governance and payment suspensions. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal, and forwards its position to the Council and national parliaments.

    EU budget & fundsAgriculture, food & fisheries

    New laws · report by André Rodrigues · 1st reading · voted 13:08 · A-10-2025-0164 · 2025/0236

  3. Brexit Adjustment Reserve

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to adjust the amounts allocated to member states under the Brexit Adjustment Reserve, a fund set up in 2021 to help them cope with the effects of the UK's withdrawal from the EU. The adjustment is a technical, financial and legal change that aligns the fund's regulation with a reduction agreed during the mid-term revision of the EU's long-term budget, without affecting funds already paid out or transferred. Once the amended regulation is adopted, the Commission can update the implementing decisions that set the final national allocations.

    EU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Pascal Arimont · 1st reading · voted 13:10 · A-10-2025-0233 · 2025/0289

  4. Adopted no count published

Thursday, 27 November 2025 1 match

  1. Harmonised requirements in the internal market on transparency of third countries interest representation

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed EU directive setting common transparency rules for interest representation carried out on behalf of third countries. The directive aims to harmonise registration requirements across member states and create an EU-level access point for national registers. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Economy & single marketEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Adina Vălean · 1st reading · 12 ballots · voted 12:07 · A-10-2025-0208 · 2023/0463

Wednesday, 26 November 2025 2 matches

  1. Increasing the efficiency of the EU guarantee under the InvestEU Regulation and simplifying reporting requirements

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to amend the InvestEU Regulation to increase the efficiency of the EU guarantee and simplify reporting requirements. The changes aim to improve access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises, reduce administrative burdens, and support EU priorities like innovation, green and digital transitions, and defence. Parliament also calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Economy & single marketEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Aura Salla, Irene Tinagli · 1st reading · 9 ballots · voted 12:30 · A-10-2025-0117 · 2025/0040

  2. Collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank

    Parliament adopted its position on a draft Council regulation updating rules on how the European Central Bank collects statistical information, following digital changes. The position approves the draft as amended, aiming to safeguard confidential data and align with EU data protection law. Parliament also asks the Council to notify it if it departs from the approved text and to consult it again on substantial changes.

    EU institutions & ParliamentEconomy & single market

    New laws · report by Aurore Lalucq · consultation · voted 12:31 · A-10-2025-0222 · 2025/0806

Tuesday, 25 November 2025 1 match

Thursday, 13 November 2025 2 matches

  1. Partial renewal of Members of the Court of Auditors – Nikolaos Milionis

    Parliament voted on the Council's nomination of Nikolaos Milionis as a Member of the Court of Auditors. It adopted its position, delivering a favourable opinion on the nomination. The decision will be forwarded to the Council and other EU institutions.

    EU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · committee report · consultation · A-10-2025-0218 · 2025/0807

  2. Partial renewal of Members of the Court of Auditors – Pierre Moscovici

    Parliament voted on the Council's nomination of Pierre Moscovici as a Member of the Court of Auditors. It adopted its position, delivering a favourable opinion on the nomination. Parliament instructs its President to forward the decision to the Council and other institutions.

    EU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · committee report · consultation · A-10-2025-0219 · 2025/0808

Tuesday, 21 October 2025 4 matches

  1. Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed law to reassign scientific and technical tasks and improve cooperation among EU agencies dealing with chemicals. The law aims to strengthen the knowledge base on chemicals, facilitate data exchange between regulatory bodies, and streamline assessments while ensuring early detection of emerging risks. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal, and instructs its President to forward the position to the Council, Commission, and national parliaments.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Dimitris Tsiodras · 1st reading · voted 13:20 · A-10-2025-0020 · 2023/0455

  2. Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency

    The proposal amends Directive 2011/65/EU to re-attribute scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Parliament adopted its position at first reading, approving the proposal with amendments. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Dimitris Tsiodras · 1st reading · voted 13:20 · A-10-2025-0019 · 2023/0454

  3. General Data Protection Regulation: additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of the Regulation

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed regulation laying down additional procedural rules for enforcing the General Data Protection Regulation. The rules aim to streamline cross-border procedures, clarify rights of parties, and introduce deadlines for legal certainty. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Digital, AI & dataJustice, rule of law & rights

    New laws · report by Markéta Gregorová · 1st reading · voted 13:21 · A-9-2024-0045 · 2023/0202

  4. Standing Forest and Forestry Expert Group

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to update the rules for the Standing Forestry Committee, which advises the Commission on forestry matters. The adopted text includes amendments to the committee's tasks and structure, aiming to improve its functioning. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially changes its proposal, and will forward its position to the Council and national parliaments.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & ParliamentAgriculture, food & fisheries

    New laws · report by Emma Wiesner, Pekka Toveri · 1st reading · 12 ballots · voted 13:30 · A-10-2025-0175 · 2023/0410

Thursday, 9 October 2025 1 match

  1. Establishment and functioning of European Works Councils - effective enforcement

    The European Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to amend the directive on European Works Councils, aiming to improve their establishment and functioning and to ensure effective enforcement of transnational information and consultation rights. The adopted text includes amendments to bring certain pre-existing agreements under the directive's scope and to require information and consultation before measures with potential significant effects on employees' interests are implemented. Parliament's position will now be forwarded to the Council, the Commission, and national parliaments.

    Jobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Dennis Radtke · 1st reading · 2 ballots · voted 13:12 · A-10-2024-0029 · 2024/0006

Wednesday, 8 October 2025 2 matches

  1. Amending certain CAP regulations as regards the conditionality system, types of intervention in the form of direct payment, types of intervention in certain sectors and rural development and annual performance reports, data and interoperability governance, suspensions of payments annual performance clearance and controls and penalties

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to amend EU rules on farm funding, covering conditionality, direct payments, rural development, and payment controls. The changes aim to simplify the common agricultural policy and make data sharing and payment suspensions more efficient. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    EU budget & fundsAgriculture, food & fisheries

    New laws · report by André Rodrigues · 1st reading · 28 ballots · voted 13:40 · A-10-2025-0164 · 2025/0236

  2. Guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States

    Parliament approved the Commission's proposal for a Council decision on guidelines for the employment policies of the member states. This means Parliament adopted its position on the proposed law, which sets out employment policy guidelines for member states. Parliament asks the Council to notify it if the Council intends to depart from the text Parliament approved, and to consult Parliament again if it intends to substantially amend that text.

    Jobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Li Andersson · consultation · 14 ballots · voted 13:56 · A-10-2025-0160 · 2025/0154

Wednesday, 10 September 2025 2 matches

  1. European Social Fund (ESF+): specific measures to address strategic challenges

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to amend the European Social Fund+ regulation to address strategic challenges. The changes allow member states to redirect funds to new EU priorities, with incentives like higher pre-financing and co-financing rates. Parliament asks the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal.

    EU budget & fundsJobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Marit Maij · 1st reading · 9 ballots · voted 14:17 · A-10-2025-0122 · 2025/0085

  2. Amending ERDF, Cohesion Fund and Just Transition Fund as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review

    The proposal amends EU cohesion policy rules to let member states redirect funds to new strategic priorities, such as defence and competitiveness, during the mid-term review. Parliament adopted its position on the law, backing the changes with amendments, including support for long-duration electricity storage and safeguards on rule-of-law conditionality. Parliament calls on the Commission to reassess the 15% reallocation threshold and to report on transfers, ensuring transparency and protecting cohesion objectives.

    EU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Dragoş Benea · 1st reading · 16 ballots · voted 14:18 · A-10-2025-0129 · 2025/0084

Wednesday, 18 June 2025 1 match

  1. Macro-financial assistance to Egypt

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed law to provide macro-financial assistance to Egypt in the form of loans. The assistance aims to help Egypt address its external financing needs and support structural reforms, with disbursements tied to progress on human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Parliament calls on the Commission to keep it informed and to involve it in negotiating the memorandum of understanding with Egypt.

    Foreign affairs

    New laws · report by Céline Imart · 1st reading · 5 ballots · voted 13:03 · A-10-2025-0037 · 2024/0071

Tuesday, 17 June 2025 2 matches

  1. Combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (recast)

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed EU directive to combat child sexual abuse and exploitation, updating rules on defining offences and supporting victims. The directive aims to harmonise criminal law across member states, addressing crimes like child sexual abuse material and grooming, and to improve detection and reporting of online abuse. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal, and will forward its position to the Council and national parliaments.

    Justice, rule of law & rightsDigital, AI & data

    New laws · report by Jeroen Lenaers · 1st reading · 35 ballots · voted 13:37 · A-10-2025-0097 · 2024/0035

Thursday, 22 May 2025 1 match

  1. Adopted no count published

Wednesday, 21 May 2025 1 match

  1. Adopted no count published

Wednesday, 7 May 2025 2 matches

Thursday, 3 April 2025 1 match

  1. Establishing an EU talent pool

    The EU talent pool is a proposed EU-wide platform to match jobseekers from non-EU countries with employers in the Union. Parliament adopted its position on the law, backing the proposal with amendments. The position calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal.

    Migration & asylumJobs, social affairs & equality

    New laws · report by Abir Al-Sahlani · 1st reading · voted 13:09 · A-10-2025-0045 · 2023/0404

Wednesday, 2 April 2025 1 match

  1. Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to strengthen security of identity cards and residence documents for EU citizens and their families. The proposal follows a Court of Justice ruling that the previous law was based on the wrong legal basis. Parliament approved the Commission's proposal as amended and calls on the Council to inform it if it intends to depart from the text.

    EU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Malik Azmani · consultation · 13 ballots · voted 13:31 · A-10-2025-0041 · 2024/0187

Tuesday, 1 April 2025 3 matches

  1. Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency

    The proposal amends Directive 2011/65/EU to re-attribute scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Parliament adopted its position at first reading, approving the re-attribution with amendments. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends the proposal.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Dimitris Tsiodras · 1st reading · 2 ballots · voted 13:11 · A-10-2025-0019 · 2023/0454

  2. Re-attribution of scientific and technical tasks and improving cooperation among Union agencies in the area of chemicals

    The proposal reassigns scientific and technical tasks among EU agencies dealing with chemicals and improves their cooperation. Parliament adopted its position on the proposed regulation, supporting the changes with amendments. Parliament calls on the Commission to refer the matter back if it substantially amends its proposal.

    Climate & environmentEU institutions & Parliament

    New laws · report by Dimitris Tsiodras · 1st reading · 2 ballots · voted 13:12 · A-10-2025-0020 · 2023/0455

  3. Macro-financial assistance to Egypt

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposal to provide macro-financial assistance to Egypt in the form of loans, as part of a broader partnership package. The assistance aims to help Egypt address its external financing needs and support structural reforms, with disbursements tied to conditions on human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Parliament calls on the Commission to keep it informed and to involve it in negotiating the memorandum of understanding with Egypt.

    Foreign affairs

    New laws · report by Céline Imart · 1st reading · 41 ballots · voted 13:18 · A-10-2025-0037 · 2024/0071

Tuesday, 11 March 2025 1 match

  1. Establishing the Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova

    Parliament adopted its position on a proposed EU law to set up a Reform and Growth Facility for Moldova. The Facility aims to support Moldova's reforms for sustainable growth, EU accession, and socio-economic convergence. It will fund investments in areas like infrastructure, energy, digital and green transitions, and education.

    Economy & single marketForeign affairsEU budget & funds

    New laws · report by Siegfried Mureşan, Sven Mikser · 1st reading · voted 12:56 · A-10-2025-0006 · 2024/0258

Wednesday, 12 February 2025 1 match

  1. VAT: rules for the digital age

    Parliament approved the Council's draft directive updating EU value-added tax (VAT) rules for the digital age. The directive introduces real-time digital reporting based on e-invoicing, updates VAT rules for the platform economy, and creates a single VAT registration for cross-border sales to consumers. Parliament asks the Council to notify it if the Council intends to depart from the approved text and to consult Parliament again on any substantial amendments.

    Economy & single marketDigital, AI & data

    New laws · report by Ľudovít Ódor · consultation · voted 12:07 · A-10-2025-0001 · 2022/0407

Show more (8 remaining)