Resolution on a topical subject (RSP): Parliament states its view. It is not binding. Resolution on a topical subject First reading
White paper on the future of European defence
A resolution tabled by political groups, usually on an urgent matter or in reaction to a statement by the Commission or Council. Not binding.
Where it stands: Parliament adopted the text on 12 March 2025. This is its final position on the matter.
- ✓ Tabled for plenary
- ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 12 March 2025
- ✓ Parliament’s position Final
How a file moves through Parliament
A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. The adopted resolution is Parliament’s final position; it is not itself law.
The text, version by version
Adopted by Parliament · latest Adopted text TA10-0034/2025 12 March 2025 ✦ Parliament's resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence urges the EU to act urgently to ensure its own security, support Ukraine, and overhaul its defence approach.⇄ what changed Tabled for plenary Joint motion RC-B10-0146/2025 10 March 2025 ⇄ what changed Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution calls on the EU to urgently strengthen its own security and defence, reduce dependencies, and support Ukraine, including through increased military aid and funding.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution calls on EU member states to take independent control of their defence, develop a European Defence Alliance, and strengthen the defence industry while keeping cooperation intergovernmental.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence stresses that defence policy remains a Member State prerogative, with unanimity in the Council, and calls for increased cooperation, European preference, and investment in capabilities.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for a comprehensive EU defence framework, increased support for Ukraine, stronger EU cooperation, and better preparedness against threats.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution urges the EU to act immediately to protect citizens, deter enemies, and support allies, calling for a coherent strategy in the upcoming white paper on European defence.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution rejects the militarisation of the EU and calls for a new European security architecture based on diplomacy, disarmament, and human security, rather than increased military spending.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for concrete measures to increase defence capabilities, overcome fragmentation, enhance the EDTIB, find funding, deepen EU-NATO cooperation, and support Ukraine.← Tabled for plenary Motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025 5 March 2025 ✦ This resolution on the white paper on the future of European defence calls for strengthening EU defence capabilities, increasing investment, and enhancing cooperation with NATO.
Latest Tabled for plenary → Adopted by Parliament: Adds calls for a complete overhaul of European defence cooperation and for flagship projects like the East Shield and Baltic Defence Line. Expands the scope of threats to include candidate countries and hybrid incidents, and adds calls for action on drones, hybrid preparedness, and shadow fleet. Adds emphasis on geographical balance in defence financing and industry development, and on partnerships with the UK, Norway, and Western Balkan countries. Softens the stance on European preference and drops the specific 3% GDP defence spending target. Other changes are formal or wording: decimal separator, grammar, and terminology. see the changes →
Newest version first. Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph; ✦ lines are AI-written from the texts themselves.
Timeline
- Plenary stage
- 12 March 2025 Plenary voteSitting of 12 March 2025 📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025📄 Motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025📄 Adopted text TA10-0034/2025Adopted Adopted by a large majorityFor 419 Against 204 Abstained 46
Final vote — text as a whole at 13:18 · 63% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →
Show all 194 ballots in voting order
RejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejected9. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 2RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejected14. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 2RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded15. Separate vote on paragraph 3AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded16. Separate vote on paragraph 3AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded17. Separate vote on paragraph 3AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdoptedRejectedNot put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.22. Separate vote on paragraph 4Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedAdoptedRejected27. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 5Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejected30. Separate vote on paragraph 7AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedRejected33. Separate vote on paragraph 8AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded34. Separate vote on paragraph 8AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejected37. Separate vote on paragraph 12Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded38. Separate vote on paragraph 12AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedNot put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.41. Separate vote on paragraph 13Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recordedAdopted43. Separate vote on paragraph 13Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded44. Separate vote on paragraph 13Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded45. Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 14 — part 1 12:56 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 14 – Am 52/1Rejected46. Amendment 52, adding text after paragraph 14 — part 2 12:56 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 14 – Am 52/2RejectedRejectedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedRejected53. Amendment 106, adding text after paragraph 16 — part 1 12:57 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 16 – Am 106/1Adopted54. Amendment 106, adding text after paragraph 16 — part 2 12:57 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 16 – Am 106/2Rejected55. Separate vote on paragraph 17AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded56. Amendment 107, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 1 12:57 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 17 – Am 107/1Adopted57. Amendment 107, adding text after paragraph 17 — part 2 12:58 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After § 17 – Am 107/2Rejected58. Separate vote on paragraph 18AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded59. Separate vote on paragraph 18AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded60. Separate vote on paragraph 19RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedRejectedRejectedAdoptedAdopted70. Separate vote on paragraph 29AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdoptedRejected74. Separate vote on paragraph 32AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded75. Separate vote on paragraph 32AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdopted77. Separate vote on paragraph 33RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedRejected80. Separate vote on paragraph 34AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded81. Separate vote on paragraph 34AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded82. Separate vote on paragraph 34AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedAdoptedAdopted87. Separate vote on paragraph 46RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdopted90. Separate vote on paragraph 46Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded91. Separate vote on paragraph 46Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedRejected95. Separate vote on paragraph 49Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded96. Separate vote on paragraph 50Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recordedAdopted98. Separate vote on paragraph 53Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded99. Separate vote on paragraph 53Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded100. Separate vote on paragraph 53Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedRejectedAdoptedRejectedRejected107. Separate vote on paragraph 58AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded108. Separate vote on paragraph 58AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdopted111. Separate vote on paragraph 58AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded112. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 58RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded113. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 58RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedAdopted116. Separate vote on paragraph 60AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded117. Separate vote on paragraph 60AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded118. Separate vote on paragraph 61Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded119. Separate vote on paragraph 61Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedRejected123. Separate vote on paragraph 62AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejected130. Separate vote on paragraph 68RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedAdoptedRejectedRejected135. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 68RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded136. Separate vote on paragraph 69RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded137. Separate vote on paragraph 69Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded138. Separate vote on paragraph 69Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdoptedRejectedRejectedRejected144. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 69RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdoptedAdoptedRejectedRejected149. Separate vote on paragraph 71AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded150. Separate vote on paragraph 71AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded151. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 72Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recordedAdopted153. Separate vote on paragraph 73AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejected155. Separate vote on paragraph 74AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded156. Separate vote on paragraph 74AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejected159. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded160. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76Rejectedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded161. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded162. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded163. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76Adoptedelectronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded164. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 76AdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedAdopted166. Vote on text inserted after recital BRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded167. Vote on text inserted after recital CRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded168. Amendment 22, adding text after recital E 13:16 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After recital E – Am 22Rejected169. Vote on text inserted after recital ERejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded170. Amendment 24, adding text after recital E 13:16 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After recital E – Am 24Rejected171. Amendment 25, adding text after recital J 13:16 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After recital J – Am 25Adopted172. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded173. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded174. Vote on text inserted after recital NNot put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded175. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded176. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded177. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded178. Vote on text inserted after recital NRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded179. Amendment 32, adding text after recital P 13:17 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – After recital P – Am 32Rejected180. Vote on text inserted after recital PRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded181. Vote on text inserted after recital RRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded182. Vote on text inserted after recital RRejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded183. Separate vote on recital SAdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded184. Separate vote on recital SAdoptedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejected186. Final vote — text as a whole 13:18 RC-B10-0146/2025/REV1 – Motion for a resolution (as a whole)Adopted187. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0144/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded188. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0145/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded189. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0146/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded190. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0147/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded191. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0148/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded192. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0149/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded193. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0150/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded194. Alternative motion for a resolution B10-0151/2025Not put to a vote, because an earlier vote already settled the matter.A vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded - 11 March 2025 Debated in plenary
MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.
- 10 March 2025 108 amendments tabled for the plenary vote
Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.