The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies
Parliament asks the Commission to propose a law and says what it should contain.
Where it stands: Parliament adopted the text on 20 January 2026. This is its final position on the matter.
- ✓ Referred to committee 8 May 2025
- ✓ Committee work Report adopted 11 December 2025
- ✓ Tabled for plenary 17 December 2025
- ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 20 January 2026
- ✓ Parliament’s position Final
How a file moves through Parliament
A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. The adopted resolution is Parliament’s final position; it is not itself law.
Who is working on it
- Lead committee
- JURI — Legal Affairs
- Rapporteur
- René REPASI S&D
- Shadow rapporteurs
- Axel VOSS PPEPascale PIERA PfEMario MANTOVANI ECRPascal CANFIN RenewKira Marie PETER-HANSEN Verts/ALEArash SAEIDI The Left
The rapporteur drafts and negotiates the text for the lead committee; each other political group names a shadow rapporteur to follow the file.
The text, version by version
Latest Tabled for plenary → Adopted by Parliament: The versions differ only in formal points and wording: terminology is aligned, references updated, and punctuation corrected. Two changes affect substance: the condition for employee participation rules and the fallback trigger are rephrased, altering the circumstances under which they apply. see the changes →
Committee draft → Tabled for plenary: Renames the corporate form from ESSU to S.EU and changes the legal approach from a directive to a regulation or maximum harmonisation directive, rejecting Article 352 TFEU and enhanced cooperation. Strengthens safeguards for workers, employee participation, and anti-circumvention, adding detailed rules on participation and excluding companies with infringements. Expands digitalisation and registration provisions, including a digital portal, 48-hour registration, and integration with the European business wallet. Adds extensive new sections on attracting talent, employee financial participation, partnerships with universities, and impact assessment and review. The other changes are formal or wording: updated names, renumbering, and rephrasing without altering substance. see the changes →
Newest version first. Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph; ✦ lines are AI-written from the texts themselves.
Timeline
- Plenary stage
- 20 January 2026 Plenary voteAdopted Adopted by a large majorityFor 492 Against 144 Abstained 28
Final vote — text as a whole at 12:57 · 74% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →
Show all 36 ballots in voting order
1. Separate vote on paragraph 1RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejectedRejected4. Separate vote on paragraph 2RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded5. Amendment 28, adding text after paragraph 2 12:53 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After § 2 – Am 28Rejected6. Separate vote on paragraph 5RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded7. Separate vote on paragraph 7RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded8. Separate vote on paragraph 10RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recordedRejected10. Amendment 29, adding text after paragraph 10 12:53 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After § 10 – Am 29Rejected11. Separate vote on paragraph 11RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded12. Separate vote on paragraph 12RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded13. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 14RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded14. Amendment 11, adding text after paragraph 14 12:54 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After § 14 – Am 11Rejected15. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 14RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded16. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 14RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded17. Amendment 14, adding text after paragraph 14 12:54 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After § 14 – Am 14Rejected18. Separate vote on paragraph 15RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded19. Separate vote on paragraph 17RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded20. Separate vote on paragraph 20RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded21. Vote on text inserted after paragraph 20RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded22. Separate vote on paragraph 27RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded23. Separate vote on paragraph 29RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded24. Amendment 21, adding text after paragraph 29 12:55 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After § 29 – Am 21Rejected25. Separate vote on paragraph 35RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded26. Separate vote on paragraph 36RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded27. Separate vote on subheading 6RejectedA vote by raised hands. Only the outcome is recorded, not who voted how. — no individual positions recorded28. Amendments 25 + 34 (voted as one) to paragraph 37 12:55 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – § 37 – Am 25D= 34D=RejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedRejectedAdopted34. Amendment 31, adding text after recital C 12:57 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After recital C – Am 31Rejected35. Amendment 32, adding text after recital E 12:57 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – After recital E – Am 32Rejected36. Final vote — text as a whole 12:57 A10-0269/2025 – René Repasi – Motion for a resolution (as a whole)Adopted - 19 January 2026 Debated in plenary
MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.
- 13 January – 14 January 2026 35 amendments tabled for the plenary vote
Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.
- 17 December 2025 Report tabled for plenary
This is the text all MEPs vote on. Political groups can still table amendments to it.
- Committee stage
- 11 December 2025 Committee vote: report adopted
JURI (Legal Affairs) voted on the amendments and adopted the report that goes to plenary.
- 3 December 2025 Committee opinion adopted
The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.
- 10 September 2025 Amendments tabled in committee
Members of JURI (Legal Affairs) proposed changes to the draft.
- 30 June 2025 Draft report published
The rapporteur’s first text in JURI (Legal Affairs). Members can table amendments before the committee votes.
- 8 May 2025 Referred to the JURI (Legal Affairs) committee
The lead committee prepares Parliament’s report.