2024/2078(INI) Own-initiative report First reading

The Commission’s 2024 Rule of Law report

Parliament sets out its own position on a topic. The resolution is not binding but signals what Parliament wants.

Where it stands: Parliament adopted the text on 18 June 2025. This is its final position on the matter.

  1. ✓ Referred to committee 28 November 2024
  2. ✓ Committee work Report adopted 20 May 2025
  3. ✓ Tabled for plenary 28 May 2025
  4. ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 18 June 2025
  5. ✓ Parliament’s position Final
How a file moves through Parliament

A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. The adopted resolution is Parliament’s final position; it is not itself law.

Who is working on it

Lead committee
LIBE — Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
Rapporteur
Ana Catarina MENDES S&D
Shadow rapporteurs
Michał WAWRYKIEWICZ PPEJorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA PfEAlessandro CIRIANI ECRMoritz KÖRNER RenewDaniel FREUND Verts/ALEIsabel SERRA SÁNCHEZ The LeftMilan UHRÍK ESN
For opinion
AFET — Foreign Affairs JURI — Legal Affairs · rapporteur Ilhan KYUCHYUK Renew

The rapporteur drafts and negotiates the text for the lead committee; each other political group names a shadow rapporteur to follow the file.

The text, version by version

Committee draft Draft report (LIBE) 9 January 2025⇄ what changed Tabled for plenary Report A10-0100/2025 28 May 2025⇄ what changed Adopted by Parliament Adopted text TA10-0129/2025 18 June 2025

Committee opinions: Draft opinion (AFET),Opinion (AFET),Draft opinion (JURI),Opinion (JURI)

Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph.

Timeline

  1. Plenary stage
  2. 18 June 2025 Plenary vote
    Sitting of 18 June 2025 📄 Report A10-0100/2025📄 Adopted text TA10-0129/2025
    Adopted Adopted by a large majority
    For 405 Against 210 Abstained 36

    Final vote — text as a whole at 13:25 · 62% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →

    How the vote unfolded · 50 ballots

    adopted rejected lapsed square = amendment circle = part of the text decisive vote Solid = roll call (click for every MEP’s vote); faded = no individual positions

    Show all 50 ballots in voting order
    1. Amendment 2 13:17 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – Alternative motion for a resolution – Am 2
    Rejected
    2. Amendment 6 13:17 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 1 – Am 6
    Rejected
    3. Amendment 7 13:18 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 3 – Am 7
    Rejected
    4. Amendment 3 13:18 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 5 – Am 3
    Adopted
    5. Separate vote: paragraph 11 § 11
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    6. Amendment 8 13:18 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 11 – Am 8
    Rejected
    7. Separate vote: paragraph 30 § 30
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    8. Paragraph 30 — part 2 13:18 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 30/2
    Rejected
    9. Separate vote: paragraph 36 § 36
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    10. Paragraph 36 — part 2 13:19 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 36/2
    Adopted
    11. Separate vote: paragraph 47 § 47
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    12. Paragraph 47 — part 2 13:19 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 47/2
    Adopted
    13. Paragraph 47 — part 3 13:19 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 47/3
    Adopted
    14. Paragraph 47 — part 4 13:19 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 47/4
    Adopted
    15. Amendment 9 13:20 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 47 – Am 9
    Rejected
    16. Amendment 10 13:20 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 47 – Am 10
    Rejected
    17. Amendment 11 13:20 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 47 – Am 11
    Rejected
    18. Amendment 12 13:20 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 50 – Am 12
    Rejected
    19. Separate vote: paragraph 53 § 53
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    20. Paragraph 53 — part 2 13:20 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 53/2
    Adopted
    21. Separate vote: paragraph 53 § 53
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    22. Separate vote: paragraph 55 § 55
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    23. Separate vote: paragraph 55 § 55
    electronic vote (totals only) — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    24. Separate vote: paragraph 56 § 56
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    25. Separate vote: paragraph 56 § 56
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    26. Amendment 1 13:21 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 57 – Am 1
    Adopted
    27. Separate vote: paragraph 57 § 57
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Lapsed
    28. Separate vote: paragraph 57 § 57
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Lapsed
    29. Amendment 13 13:22 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 61 – Am 13
    Rejected
    30. Separate vote: paragraph 70 § 70
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    31. Amendment 14 13:22 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 70 – Am 14
    Rejected
    32. Separate vote: paragraph 74 § 74
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    33. Amendment 15 13:22 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 74 – Am 15
    Rejected
    34. Amendment 16 13:22 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 79 – Am 16
    Rejected
    35. Separate vote: paragraph 85 § 85
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    36. Paragraph 85 — part 2 13:23 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 85/2
    Adopted
    37. Paragraph 85 — part 3 13:23 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 85/3
    Adopted
    38. Separate vote: paragraph 88 § 88
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    39. Paragraph 88 — part 2 13:23 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 88/2
    Adopted
    40. Amendment 17 13:23 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After § 89 – Am 17
    Rejected
    41. Separate vote: paragraph 99 § 99
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    42. Paragraph 99 — part 2 13:24 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – § 99/2
    Rejected
    43. Separate vote: citation 22 Citation 22
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    44. Separate vote: citation 39 Citation 39
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    45. Separate vote: citation 43 Citation 43
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    46. Separate vote: citation 48 Citation 48
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    47. Separate vote: citation 55 Citation 55
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Adopted
    48. Amendment 4 13:24 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After recital A – Am 4
    Rejected
    49. Amendment 5 13:25 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – After recital A – Am 5
    Rejected
    50. Final vote — text as a whole 13:25 A10-0100/2025 – Ana Catarina Mendes – Motion for a resolution (text as a whole)
    Adopted
  3. 17 June 2025 Debated in plenary

    MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.

    Sitting of 17 June 2025 📄 Report A10-0100/2025
  4. 11 June 2025 17 amendments tabled for the plenary vote

    Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.

    📄 Amendment 1📄 Amendment 2📄 Amendment 3📄 Amendments 4–13📄 Amendments 14–17
  5. 28 May 2025 Report tabled for plenary

    This is the text all MEPs vote on. Political groups can still table amendments to it.

    📄 Report A10-0100/2025
  6. Committee stage
  7. 20 May 2025 Committee vote: report adopted

    LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) voted on the amendments and adopted the report that goes to plenary.

  8. 9 April 2025 AFET (Foreign Affairs) adopted its opinion

    The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.

    📄 Opinion (AFET)
  9. 18 March 2025 JURI (Legal Affairs) adopted its opinion

    The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.

    📄 Opinion (JURI)
  10. 18 February 2025 Amendments tabled in committee (3 batches)

    Members of LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) proposed changes to the draft.

    📄 Amendments in committee (LIBE)📄 Amendments in committee (LIBE)📄 Amendments in committee (LIBE)
  11. 6 February 2025 Draft opinion from JURI (Legal Affairs)

    An associated committee gives its view to the lead committee.

    📄 Draft opinion (JURI)
  12. 5 February 2025 Draft opinion from AFET (Foreign Affairs)

    An associated committee gives its view to the lead committee.

    📄 Draft opinion (AFET)
  13. 9 January 2025 Draft report published

    The rapporteur’s first text in LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs). Members can table amendments before the committee votes.

    📄 Draft report (LIBE)
  14. 28 November 2024 Referred to the LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) committee

    The lead committee prepares the report; AFET (Foreign Affairs), JURI (Legal Affairs) give an opinion.