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REPORT (2025/2165(INI))

On the implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report 2025

A-10-2025-0265

Committee on Security and Defence · Rapporteur: Thijs Reuten

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This resolution on the implementation of the common security and defence policy (CSDP) addresses the deteriorating security environment, Russia's aggression, hybrid threats, and the need to strengthen European defence capabilities, industrial base, and strategic autonomy. It calls for increased military support to Ukraine, including air defence and deep strike capabilities, and for security guarantees as Treaty obligations. It urges the EU to close capability gaps, enhance military mobility, strengthen the defence industry, and improve EU-NATO cooperation, while developing autonomous European command and control structures. It emphasizes the need for a genuine European Defence Union, operationalizing Article 42(7) TEU, and strengthening parliamentary oversight of CSDP.

Committee position. The Committee on Security and Defence proposes a resolution that calls for a comprehensive strengthening of the CSDP, including enhanced support for Ukraine, closing capability gaps, and moving towards a European Defence Union.

Key points

  1. Calls for countering Russian hybrid warfare, including through sanctions, restrictions on diplomats, and interdiction of the shadow fleet.
  2. Urges enhanced military support to Ukraine, including air defence, deep strike, and training, and supports an Integrated Air Protection Zone.
  3. Calls for strategic measures to counter hybrid threats and FIMI, including increased funding for strategic communication and media literacy.
  4. Highlights the need to address the deterrence gap by closing capability gaps, scaling up production, and creating a single market for defence.
  5. Welcomes the SAFE instrument and calls for massive additional investment, joint procurement, and a European preference in defence procurement.
  6. Calls for strengthening the EDTIB, including through public-private cooperation, EIB investment, and a dedicated EU defence fund.
  7. Urges the development of a European command-and-control structure and operationalization of Article 42(7) TEU.
  8. Stresses the importance of military mobility and calls for extending corridors to the eastern flank, including Ukraine.
  9. Calls for a renewed European security architecture and a genuine European Defence Union, with a strategic roadmap.
  10. Reinforces CSDP missions and operations, including EUMAM Ukraine, EUPM Moldova, and EUFOR Althea, with adequate resources.
  11. Calls for stronger partnerships with like-minded countries and candidate countries, and for EU-NATO cooperation.
  12. Calls for strengthening Parliament's oversight role and structured dialogue with national parliaments on CSDP.

Who is affected

  • EU member states, particularly those bordering Russia and Belarus, are urged to secure borders and enhance resilience.
  • Ukraine is to receive continued military support and integration into the EDTIB.
  • The European defence industry (EDTIB) is targeted for increased investment, joint procurement, and innovation.
  • CSDP missions and operations, including in the Western Balkans, Eastern Partnership, and Africa, are to be reinforced.
  • Candidate countries and like-minded partners, including the UK, are to deepen security cooperation with the EU.

Figures and deadlines

  • EUR 150 billion loan facility under SAFE instrument.
  • 81% of EU citizens favour a common security and defence policy.
  • EU defence spending estimated at EUR 381 billion by end of 2025.
  • Defence investment projected to be close to EUR 130 billion by end of 2025.
  • NATO target of 5% of GDP on defence by 2035, with at least 3.5% for core defence.
  • EUR 175 million budget of the Defence Equity Facility for 2024-2027.

Legal basis: Title V of the Treaty on European Union, in particular the provisions on the common security and defence policy (CSDP).