The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025
Parliament sets out its own position on a topic. The resolution is not binding but signals what Parliament wants.
Where it stands: Parliament adopted the text on 29 April 2026. This is its final position on the matter.
- ✓ Referred to committee 27 November 2025
- ✓ Committee work Report adopted 14 April 2026
- ✓ Tabled for plenary 16 April 2026
- ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 29 April 2026
- ✓ Parliament’s position Final
How a file moves through Parliament
A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. The adopted resolution is Parliament’s final position; it is not itself law.
Who is working on it
- Lead committee
- LIBE — Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
- Rapporteur
- Konstantinos ARVANITIS The Left
- Shadow rapporteurs
- Fredis BELERIS PPEJuan Fernando LÓPEZ AGUILAR S&DPetra STEGER PfENicolas BAY ECRSophie WILMÈS RenewDiana RIBA I GINER Verts/ALE
- For opinion
- BUDG — Budgets · rapporteur Jean-Marc GERMAIN S&DAFET — Foreign Affairs JURI — Legal Affairs
The rapporteur drafts and negotiates the text for the lead committee; each other political group names a shadow rapporteur to follow the file.
The text, version by version
Latest Tabled for plenary → Adopted by Parliament: Adds a condemnation of amnesties and pardons for politicians, and removes a list of migration practices deemed contrary to EU law. The other change is formal: updates the numbering of Commission recommendations. see the changes →
Committee draft → Tabled for plenary: The report expands coverage to include accession countries, minorities, and social rights, and adds many new recitals on specific concerns. It strengthens calls for judicial independence, anti-corruption measures, and protection of journalists and civil society. It tightens links between EU funds and rule of law compliance, adding detailed conditionality and monitoring proposals. It enhances the annual rule of law cycle with new phases and interinstitutional cooperation, and expands scope to all Article 2 values. The other changes are wording updates in the explanatory statement. see the changes →
Committee opinions: Draft opinion (BUDG),Draft opinion (AFET),Opinion (AFET),Opinion (BUDG),Draft opinion (JURI)
Newest version first. Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph; ✦ lines are AI-written from the texts themselves.
Timeline
- Plenary stage
- 29 April 2026 Plenary voteAdopted Adopted by a large majorityFor 387 Against 191 Abstained 46
Final vote — text as a whole at 14:58 · 62% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →
Show all 32 ballots in voting order
AdoptedAdopted3. Amendment 18, adding text after paragraph 10 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 10 – Am 18RejectedAdoptedAdoptedAdopted7. Amendment 19, adding text after paragraph 34 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 34 – Am 19RejectedRejectedRejectedRejected11. Amendment 2, adding text after paragraph 65 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 65 – Am 2RejectedRejected13. Amendment 4, adding text after paragraph 86 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 86 – Am 4RejectedRejectedAdoptedAdoptedAdoptedRejectedRejectedAdoptedAdoptedRejected23. Amendment 8, adding text after paragraph 113 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 113 – Am 8RejectedRejectedAdopted26. Amendment 20, adding text after paragraph 118 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 118 – Am 20RejectedRejected28. Amendment 13, adding text after paragraph 155 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 155 – Am 13RejectedRejectedRejectedRejected32. Final vote — text as a whole 14:58 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – Motion for a resolution (as a whole)Adopted - 28 April 2026 Debated in plenary
MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.
- 22 April – 24 April 2026 20 amendments tabled for the plenary vote
Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.
- 16 April 2026 Report tabled for plenary
This is the text all MEPs vote on. Political groups can still table amendments to it.
- Committee stage
- 14 April 2026 Committee vote: report adopted
LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) voted on the amendments and adopted the report that goes to plenary.
- 25 February 2026 AFET (Foreign Affairs) adopted its opinion
The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.
- 5 February 2026 BUDG (Budgets) adopted its opinion
The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.
- 15 December 2025 Amendments tabled in committee
Members of LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) proposed changes to the draft.
- 27 November 2025 Referred to the LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) committee
The lead committee prepares the report; BUDG (Budgets), AFET (Foreign Affairs), JURI (Legal Affairs) give an opinion.
- 17 November 2025 Draft report published
The rapporteur’s first text in LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs). Members can table amendments before the committee votes.