2025/2239(INI) Own-initiative report First reading

The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025

Parliament sets out its own position on a topic. The resolution is not binding but signals what Parliament wants.

Where it stands: Parliament adopted the text on 29 April 2026. This is its final position on the matter.

  1. ✓ Referred to committee 27 November 2025
  2. ✓ Committee work Report adopted 14 April 2026
  3. ✓ Tabled for plenary 16 April 2026
  4. ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 29 April 2026
  5. ✓ Parliament’s position Final
How a file moves through Parliament

A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. The adopted resolution is Parliament’s final position; it is not itself law.

Who is working on it

Lead committee
LIBE — Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
Rapporteur
Konstantinos ARVANITIS The Left
Shadow rapporteurs
Fredis BELERIS PPEJuan Fernando LÓPEZ AGUILAR S&DPetra STEGER PfENicolas BAY ECRSophie WILMÈS RenewDiana RIBA I GINER Verts/ALE
For opinion
BUDG — Budgets · rapporteur Jean-Marc GERMAIN S&DAFET — Foreign Affairs JURI — Legal Affairs

The rapporteur drafts and negotiates the text for the lead committee; each other political group names a shadow rapporteur to follow the file.

The text, version by version

Committee draft Draft report (LIBE) 17 November 2025⇄ what changed Tabled for plenary Report A10-0091/2026 16 April 2026⇄ what changed Adopted by Parliament Adopted text TA10-0147/2026 29 April 2026

Committee opinions: Draft opinion (BUDG),Draft opinion (AFET),Opinion (AFET),Opinion (BUDG),Draft opinion (JURI)

Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph.

Timeline

  1. Plenary stage
  2. 29 April 2026 Plenary vote
    Sitting of 29 April 2026 📄 Report A10-0091/2026📄 Adopted text TA10-0147/2026
    Adopted Adopted by a large majority
    For 387 Against 191 Abstained 46

    Final vote — text as a whole at 14:58 · 62% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →

    How the vote unfolded · 32 ballots

    adopted rejected lapsed square = amendment circle = part of the text decisive vote Solid = roll call (click for every MEP’s vote); faded = no individual positions

    Show all 32 ballots in voting order
    1. Paragraph 5 — part 1 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 5/1
    Adopted
    2. Paragraph 5 — part 2 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 5/2
    Adopted
    3. Amendment 18 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 10 – Am 18
    Rejected
    4. Amendment 1 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 13 – Am 1
    Adopted
    5. Paragraph 15 — part 1 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 15/1
    Adopted
    6. Paragraph 15 — part 2 14:53 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 15/2
    Adopted
    7. Amendment 19 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 34 – Am 19
    Rejected
    8. Amendment 15 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 38 – Am 15
    Rejected
    9. Amendment 16 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 44 – Am 16
    Rejected
    10. Amendment 17 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 55 – Am 17
    Rejected
    11. Amendment 2 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 65 – Am 2
    Rejected
    12. Amendment 3 14:54 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 77 – Am 3
    Rejected
    13. Amendment 4 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 86 – Am 4
    Rejected
    14. Amendment 5 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 91 – Am 5
    Rejected
    15. Separate vote: paragraph 100 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 100
    Adopted
    16. Separate vote: paragraph 101 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 101
    Adopted
    17. Separate vote: paragraph 102 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 102
    Adopted
    18. Amendment 6 14:55 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 103 – Am 6
    Rejected
    19. Amendment 7 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 112 – Am 7
    Rejected
    20. Paragraph 112 — part 1 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 112/1
    Adopted
    21. Paragraph 112 — part 2 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 112/2
    Adopted
    22. Paragraph 112 — part 3 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 112/3
    Rejected
    23. Amendment 8 14:56 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 113 – Am 8
    Rejected
    24. Amendment 9 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 116 – Am 9
    Rejected
    25. Separate vote: paragraph 117 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 117
    Adopted
    26. Amendment 20 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 118 – Am 20
    Rejected
    27. Amendment 10 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 126 – Am 10
    Rejected
    28. Amendment 13 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – After § 155 – Am 13
    Rejected
    29. Amendment 11 14:57 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 168 – Am 11
    Rejected
    30. Amendment 12 14:58 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – § 185 – Am 12
    Rejected
    31. Amendment 14 14:58 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – Recital R – Am 14
    Rejected
    32. Final vote — text as a whole 14:58 A10-0091/2026 – Konstantinos Arvanitis – Motion for a resolution (as a whole)
    Adopted
  3. 28 April 2026 Debated in plenary

    MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.

    Sitting of 28 April 2026 📄 Report A10-0091/2026
  4. 22 April – 24 April 2026 20 amendments tabled for the plenary vote

    Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.

    📄 Amendments 1–6📄 Amendments 7–12📄 Amendment 13📄 Amendments 14–20
  5. 16 April 2026 Report tabled for plenary

    This is the text all MEPs vote on. Political groups can still table amendments to it.

    📄 Report A10-0091/2026
  6. Committee stage
  7. 14 April 2026 Committee vote: report adopted

    LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) voted on the amendments and adopted the report that goes to plenary.

  8. 25 February 2026 AFET (Foreign Affairs) adopted its opinion

    The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.

    📄 Opinion (AFET)
  9. 5 February 2026 BUDG (Budgets) adopted its opinion

    The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.

    📄 Opinion (BUDG)
  10. 15 December 2025 Amendments tabled in committee

    Members of LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) proposed changes to the draft.

    📄 Amendments in committee (LIBE)
  11. 27 November 2025 Referred to the LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) committee

    The lead committee prepares the report; BUDG (Budgets), AFET (Foreign Affairs), JURI (Legal Affairs) give an opinion.

  12. 17 November 2025 Draft report published

    The rapporteur’s first text in LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs). Members can table amendments before the committee votes.

    📄 Draft report (LIBE)