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Security of energy supply in the EU

TA-10-2025-0146 · P10_TA(2025)0146 · PE769.948

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Parliament's resolution on security of energy supply in the EU sets out a comprehensive approach covering infrastructure resilience, diversification, and the phase-out of Russian energy imports. It calls for an EU-wide ban on all Russian natural gas imports by 2027 at the latest, and on new contracts and existing spot contracts by the end of 2025. It urges the Commission to review the Oil Stocks Directive, assess interconnector gaps, and include technical provisions for standardisation of critical components. It stresses the need for a revised security of supply framework reflecting energy efficiency, resilience, and affordability risks.

Key points

  1. Defines energy security comprehensively, including physical infrastructure, availability, affordability, sustainability, and geopolitical and climate dimensions.
  2. Stresses that energy security is cross-sectoral and should be integrated into all relevant policies and impact assessments.
  3. Emphasises the need for capacity remuneration mechanisms open to various resources, without undue market distortions, and streamlined approval processes.
  4. Calls for investment in diverse clean technologies, including renewables, and support for innovative technologies like geothermal, biomethane, and marine energy.
  5. Notes the role of nuclear energy for Member States that choose it, and stresses the need to diversify uranium and nuclear fuel supply sources.
  6. Calls for a comprehensive strategy on liquid fuels to ensure military access in crises and reduce import dependencies.
  7. Urges the Commission to assess interconnector gaps, accelerate permitting, and invest in resilient infrastructure against climate and human-caused threats.
  8. Calls for mandatory risk assessments for distributed energy resources based on country of origin, and enhanced cybersecurity measures.
  9. Demands an EU-wide ban on all Russian natural gas imports by 2027, and on new contracts by end of 2025, with measures against sanctions evasion.
  10. Calls for transparency and traceability mechanisms for Russian energy imports, and for Member States to publish data on Russian gas origin.
  11. Rejects any return to Russian energy imports and calls for complete decommissioning of Nord Stream pipelines.
  12. Welcomes the revision of the security of supply architecture, including gas and electricity regulations, and calls for a future-proof framework.

Who is affected

  • EU member states: required to phase out Russian energy imports, prepare exit plans, and enhance infrastructure resilience.
  • Energy companies: must work with cybersecurity agencies and adapt to new transparency and traceability requirements.
  • EU institutions: Commission to propose bans, review directives, and develop strategies; Parliament and Council to legislate.
  • Russian suppliers: face potential sanctions and bans on gas, oil, and nuclear fuel exports to the EU.

Figures and deadlines

  • EU imports more than 60% of its energy, including 90% of gas and 97% of oil.
  • Energy imports amounted to EUR 427 billion in 2024, down from EUR 602 billion in 2022.
  • Russian gas imports fell from 45% in 2021 to approximately 19% in 2024.
  • In 2024, Russia met around 23% of EU uranium conversion and 24% enrichment demand.
  • Nearly one in ten households (10.6%) unable to heat homes in 2023, up from 6.9% in 2021.
  • EU imported EUR 200 billion worth of Russian oil and gas since invasion; EUR 7 billion for LNG in 2024.
  • In 2023, 23.5% of uranium consumed in EU came from Russia; 30.1% enriched by Russia.

Legal basis: Article 194 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union