2023/0438(COD) Ordinary legislative procedure First reading

Enhancing police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings, and on enhancing Europol’s support to preventing and combating such crimes and amending Regulation (EU) 2016/794

A proposed EU law. Parliament and the Council must agree on the same text: Parliament adopts its position, then negotiates with the Council.

Where it stands: Completed: published in the Official Journal on 22 December 2025 and now EU law.

  1. ✓ Referred to committee 29 February 2024
  2. ✓ Committee work Report adopted 20 May 2025
  3. ✓ Tabled for plenary 12 June 2025
  4. ✓ Plenary vote Adopted 25 November 2025
  5. ✓ Negotiations with the Council Trilogue 25 September 2025
  6. ✓ Published as law 22 December 2025
How a file moves through Parliament

A file is referred to one lead committee (others may give an opinion). Its rapporteur writes a draft report, committee members table amendments, and the committee votes to adopt the report. The report is then tabled for all MEPs; political groups can table further amendments, which are voted on before the final vote in plenary. For a law, Parliament’s adopted text is its first-reading position; Parliament and the Council then negotiate a common text (trilogues) which both must approve before it is published as law.

Who is working on it

Lead committee
LIBE — Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
Rapporteur
Jeroen LENAERS PPE
Shadow rapporteurs
Thijs REUTEN S&DMatthieu VALET PfEGeorgiana TEODORESCU ECRNikola MINCHEV RenewSaskia BRICMONT Verts/ALEIlaria SALIS The Left

The rapporteur drafts and negotiates the text for the lead committee; each other political group names a shadow rapporteur to follow the file.

The text, version by version

Committee draft Draft report (LIBE) 13 February 2025⇄ what changed Tabled for plenary Report A10-0109/2025 12 June 2025⇄ what changed Adopted by Parliament Adopted text TA10-0280/2025 25 November 2025

Committee opinions: Opinion (BUDG),Draft opinion (BUDG)

Open a version to read it in full. “What changed” shows the differences paragraph by paragraph.

Timeline

  1. Outcome
  2. 22 December 2025 Published in the Official Journal

    The act is now EU law.

  3. 16 December 2025 Signature
  4. 25 November 2025 Plenary decision
    📄 Adopted text TA10-0280/2025
  5. Plenary stage
  6. 25 November 2025 55 amendments tabled for the plenary vote

    Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.

    📄 Amendments 1–55
  7. 25 November 2025 Plenary vote
    Sitting of 25 November 2025 📄 Report A10-0109/2025📄 Adopted text TA10-0280/2025
    Adopted Adopted by an overwhelming majority
    For 556 Against 74 Abstained 7

    Final vote on the provisional agreement at 12:28 · 87% of votes cast in favour · every MEP’s position →

    How the vote unfolded · 7 ballots

    adopted rejected lapsed square = amendment circle = part of the text decisive vote Solid = roll call (click for every MEP’s vote); faded = no individual positions

    Show all 7 ballots in voting order
    1. Final vote on the provisional agreement 12:28 A10-0109/2025 – Jeroen Lenaers – Provisional agreement – Am 56
    Adopted
    2. Final vote Text as a whole
    show of hands — no individual positions recorded
    Lapsed
    3. Separate vote: after Article 1 After Article 1
    Lapsed
    4. Separate vote: article 6 Article 6 – § 1 – point a
    Lapsed
    5. Separate vote: article 6 Article 6 – § 1 – after point h
    Lapsed
    6. Separate vote: after Article 8 After Article 8
    Lapsed
    7. Final vote Commission proposal
    Lapsed
  8. 24 November 2025 Debated in plenary

    MEPs debated the text in the chamber ahead of the vote.

    Sitting of 24 November 2025 📄 Council / Commission text C9-0431/2023📄 Report A10-0109/2025
  9. 19 November 2025 5 amendments tabled for the plenary vote

    Groups propose changes to the tabled text; each is voted on before the final vote.

    📄 Amendment 56📄 Amendments 57–60
  10. 5 November 2025 Committee approve provisional agreement
  11. Negotiations with the Council
  12. 25 September 2025 Trilogue meeting

    Negotiation between Parliament, Council and Commission on a common text.

  13. 23 June 2025 Trilogue meeting

    Negotiation between Parliament, Council and Commission on a common text.

  14. 18 June 2025 Plenary endorsed the mandate to negotiate with the Council

    Parliament’s negotiators can now seek a compromise text with the Council (a "trilogue").

  15. Plenary stage
  16. 12 June 2025 Report tabled for plenary

    This is the text all MEPs vote on. Political groups can still table amendments to it.

    📄 Report A10-0109/2025
  17. Committee stage
  18. 20 May 2025 Committee vote: report adopted

    LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) voted on the amendments and adopted the report that goes to plenary.

  19. 23 April 2025 BUDG (Budgets) adopted its opinion

    The opinion is attached to the report for the lead committee to consider.

    📄 Opinion (BUDG)
  20. 18 March 2025 Amendments tabled in committee

    Members of LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) proposed changes to the draft.

    📄 Amendments in committee (LIBE)
  21. 21 February 2025 Draft opinion from BUDG (Budgets)

    An associated committee gives its view to the lead committee.

    📄 Draft opinion (BUDG)
  22. 13 February 2025 Draft report published

    The rapporteur’s first text in LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs). Members can table amendments before the committee votes.

    📄 Draft report (LIBE)
  23. 29 February 2024 Referred to the LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs) committee

    The lead committee prepares Parliament’s report.