Sittings · Document
On the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
Committee on Transport and Tourism · Rapporteur: Andreas Schieder
SHORT JUSTIFICATION
The revision of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) is part of the ‘Fit for 55’ legislative package contributing to the objectives of the European Green Deal, including a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from transport, in order for the EU to become a climate-neutral economy by 2050.
The electrification of transport will indeed play an important part in the clean energy transition by reducing the transport sector’s reliance on fossil fuels as the share of renewable electricity increases in the electricity system. At the same time, a widespread uptake of electric vehicles, in combination with smart charging and bidirectional charging, will help contributing to the energy system integration of buildings and to the balancing of the electricity grid.
With regard to electro mobility, EPBD complements the proposal for a Regulation on deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR). While the objective of AFIR is to create a comprehensive network of publicly accessible recharging infrastructure throughout the EU, the EPBD addresses private charging infrastructure in buildings. The role of buildings in providing recharging infrastructure will indeed be crucial as currently up to 90% of recharging of electric vehicles takes place at home or at the workplace, a figure that is projected to remain high, even with an increase in the roll-out of publicly accessible recharging infrastructure.
The current provisions on electro mobility were introduced in the 2016 revision of the Directive, (adopted in 2018), which provides for minimum requirements for recharging points and ducting infrastructure, i.e. conduits for electric cables, in car parks over a certain size. Since then, the electric vehicles market has strongly matured with a rapid increase in terms of total vehicle registrations, and the market share of electric vehicles is projected to further increase. However, the lack of deployment of smart private recharging infrastructure could form a barrier to the further development of the market for these vehicles and thereby impede citizens’ access to zero-emission mobility. In light of this, and the need to significantly reduce the emissions from the transport sector to meet the 2030 and 2050 climate objectives, the current EPBD framework seems insufficient.
Your Rapporteur therefore very much welcomes the Commission’s proposal for a revised EPBD. However, the ambition for the revised framework for private charging infrastructure should be raised. in order to harness the EPBD’s potential to deliver a significant contribution to the Union’s climate objectives and the ongoing sustainable and smart transition of the transport sector. To accelerate the development of electro mobility in the Union, recharging points must be widely available and easily accessible in the daily lives of citizens, with the possibility to plug in both in residential and non-residential buildings. Therefore, your Rapporteur is proposing the following amendments:
The proposed targets for recharging points in new non-residential and non-residential buildings undergoing major renovation must be significantly increased, to better reflect the expected growing market share of electric vehicles and to meet the recharging needs of electric vehicle drivers.
Furthermore, the 2027 target for recharging points in existing non-residential buildings with more than ten parking spaces should be increased and complemented by additional targets for 2030 and 2035 to guarantee swift, comprehensive and continuous progression in the deployment of the necessary recharging points and infrastructure.
Moreover, to ensure that the charging infrastructure will be in place not only for new or renovated buildings, additional targets are also established for the pre-cabling of parking spaces in existing residential and non-residential buildings. Here too, progressively increased targets in 2027, 2030 and 2035 should enable the best possible conditions for the subsequent deployment of recharging points.
Considering that smart and bi-directional charging will benefit citizens and provide better conditions for energy storage and system integration of buildings, your Rapporteur proposes strengthening provisions in this regard. Furthermore, your Rapporteur is convinced that it is essential to guarantee citizens the ‘right to plug’ by removing barriers and providing technical assistance. Additionally it is necessary to ensure that the time between the application and actual deployment of recharging points is kept to an absolute minimum.
In order to boost sustainable and active mobility options, the EPBD and its requirements should be designed to ensure that buildings play an important role in providing the necessary infrastructure not only for recharging of electric vehicles but also for bicycles. This would bring numerous advantages in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, whilst improving the health of citizens and facilitating their mobility. Therefore, your Rapporteur proposes to strengthen the provisions concerning safe and secure parking spaces for bicycles.
Finally, your Rapporteur wants to emphasise that the electrification of heavy-duty vehicles will play a crucial role in the transition to a more sustainable and decarbonised transport sector, and therefore provisions are introduced to ensure that the appropriate recharging infrastructure is deployed in logistics centres.
AMENDMENTS
The Committee on Transport and Tourism calls on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to take into account the following amendments:
Amendment 1
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (35a) The renovation of existing buildings and design of new buildings can play an important role in encouraging the uptake of electric vehicles such as cars, vans, bikes and motorcycles by providing both adequate parking spaces and charging infrastructure. |
Or. en
Amendment 2
Proposal for a directive
Recital 36
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (36) Electric vehicles are expected to play a crucial role in the decarbonisation and efficiency of the electricity system, namely through the provision of flexibility, balancing and storage services, especially through aggregation. This potential of electric vehicles to integrate with the electricity system and contribute to system efficiency and further absorption of renewable electricity should be fully exploited. Charging in relation to buildings is particularly important, since this is where electric vehicles park regularly and for long periods of time. Slow charging is economical and the installation of recharging points in private spaces can provide energy storage to the related building and integration of smart charging services and system integration services in general. | (36) Electric vehicles are expected to play a crucial role in the decarbonisation and efficiency of the electricity system, namely through the provision of flexibility, balancing and storage services, especially through aggregation. This potential of electric vehicles to integrate with the electricity system and contribute to system efficiency and further absorption of renewable electricity should be fully exploited to achieve healthier and greener buildings that are more resilient to the negative impacts of climate change. Charging in relation to buildings is particularly important, since this is where electric vehicles park regularly and for long periods of time. Slow charging is economical and the installation of recharging points in private spaces can provide energy storage to the related building and integration of smart charging services and system integration services in general. |
Or. en
Amendment 3
Proposal for a directive
Recital 37
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (37) Combined with an increased share of renewable electricity production, electric vehicles produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles constitute an important component of a clean energy transition based on energy efficiency measures, alternative fuels, renewable energy and innovative solutions for the management of energy flexibility. Building codes can be effectively used to introduce targeted requirements to support the deployment of recharging infrastructure in car parks of residential and non-residential buildings. Member States should remove barriers such as split incentives and administrative complications which individual owners encounter when trying to install a recharging point on their parking space. | (37) Combined with an increased share of renewable electricity production, electric vehicles produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions and will contribute to the overall decarbonisation of the transport sector. Electric vehicles constitute an important component of a clean energy transition based on energy efficiency measures, alternative fuels, renewable energy and innovative solutions for the management of energy flexibility. Building codes can be effectively used to introduce targeted requirements to support the deployment of recharging infrastructure in car parks of residential and non-residential buildings. |
Or. en
Amendment 4
Proposal for a directive
Recital 37 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (37a) To enforce the Right to Plug, Member States should facilitate and expedite the deployment of recharging infrastructure by removing barriers such as split incentives and administrative complications which individual owners encounter when trying to install a recharging point on their parking space. Member States should also provide technical assistance for individual owners who are keen to achieve the transition towards e-mobility. In doing so, Member States should consider setting up one-stop-shop accessible websites and portals that combine various services, including an application right with streamlined permits and installation procedures. |
Or. en
Amendment 5
Proposal for a directive
Recital 37 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (37b) Member States should ensure the accessibility of recharging points for persons with disabilities and reduced mobility. Where technically feasible, a storage space for mobility devices in renovated and new buildings, including for wheelchairs and pushchairs, should be set up. |
Or. en
Amendment 6
Proposal for a directive
Recital 38
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (38) Pre-cabling provides the right conditions for the rapid deployment of recharging points if and where they are needed. Readily available infrastructure will decrease the costs of installation of recharging points for individual owners and ensure that electric vehicle users have access to recharging points. Establishing requirements for electromobility at Union level concerning the pre-equipping of parking spaces and the installation of recharging points is an effective way to promote electric vehicles in the near future while enabling further development at a reduced cost in the medium to long term. Where technically feasible, Member States should ensure the accessibility of recharging points for persons with disabilities. | (38) Pre-cabling provides the right conditions for the rapid deployment of recharging points. Readily available infrastructure will decrease the costs of installation of recharging points for individual owners and ensure that electric vehicle users have access to recharging points. Establishing requirements for electromobility at Union level concerning the pre-equipping of parking spaces and the installation of recharging points is an effective way to promote electric vehicles in the near future while enabling further development at a reduced cost in the medium to long term. Particular efforts should be taken to ensure that the network capacity meets the energy demands of current and future pre-cabling requirements and that planning reserves for grid connection power is taken into account; |
Or. en
Amendment 7
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (39) Smart charging and bidirectional charging enable the energy system integration of buildings. Recharging points where electric vehicles typically park for extended periods of time, such as where people park for reasons of residence or employment, are highly relevant to energy system integration, therefore smart charging functionalities need to be ensured. In situations where bidirectional charging would assist further penetration of renewable electricity by electric vehicle fleets in transport and the electricity system in general, such functionality should also be made available. | (39) Smart charging and bidirectional charging enable the energy system integration of buildings. Recharging points where electric vehicles typically park for extended periods of time, such as sports or shopping centres and where people park for reasons of residence or employment, are highly relevant to energy system integration, therefore smart charging functionalities need to be ensured in case of all new recharging points, in and adjacent to buildings. In situations where bidirectional charging would assist further penetration of renewable electricity by electric vehicle fleets in transport and the electricity system in general, such functionality should also be made available. In addition, Member States, regional and local authorities, as well as companies, should be encouraged to build solar canopies for big parking lots to produce more photovoltaics energy which can generate electricity for electromobility. |
Or. en
Amendment 8
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (40) Promoting green mobility is a key part of the European Green Deal and buildings can play an important role in providing the necessary infrastructure, not only for recharging of electric vehicles but also for bicycles. A shift to soft mobility such as cycling can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. As set out in the 2030 Climate Target Plan, increasing the modal shares of clean and efficient private and public transport, such as cycling, will drastically lower pollution from transport and bring major benefits to individual citizens and communities. The lack of bike parking spaces is a major barrier to the uptake of cycling, both in residential and non-residential buildings. Building codes can effectively support the transition to cleaner mobility by establishing requirements for a minimum number of bicycle parking spaces. | (40) Promoting green mobility is a key part of the European Green Deal and buildings can play an important role in providing the necessary infrastructure, not only for recharging of electric vehicles but also for bicycles. A shift to soft mobility such as cycling can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. As set out in the 2030 Climate Target Plan, increasing the modal shares of clean and efficient private and public transport, such as cycling, will drastically lower pollution from transport and bring major benefits to individual citizens and communities. The lack of secure bike parking spaces is a major barrier to the uptake of cycling, both in residential and non-residential buildings. Member States should ensure that building codes effectively support the transition to cleaner mobility by establishing requirements for a minimum number of such bicycle parking spaces. |
Or. en
Amendment 9
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (40a) As part of the efforts to further improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings, more attention needs to be paid to the energy expenditure for the mobility of the residents. Planning climate-friendly mobility in residential buildings can reduce both construction costs and ongoing mobility costs, in particular through shared mobility services for which residential building complexes are well suited. A new, integrated mobility management in housing construction, promotion of e-car sharing services, and clearly visible parking spaces for e-sharing vehicles can contribute to increasing intelligent, smart and sustainable mobility. Therefore, Member States should be encouraged to support such car-sharing initiatives. |
Or. en
Amendment 10
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (40b) In order to promote sustainable mobility and make bicycle use more attractive, Member States should take efforts to encourage the establishment of accessible bicycle service areas in residential and non-residential buildings, to allow cyclists to repair minor breakdowns of their bicycles. |
Or. en
Amendment 11
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 3a. ‘logistics centre’ means a space in a defined area within which all activities relating to transport, logistics and the distribution of goods, both for national and international transit, are carried out by various operators on a commercial basis. The operators can either be owners or tenants of buildings and facilities (warehouses, distribution centres, storage areas, offices, truck services, etc.), which have been built here. |
Or. en
Amendment 12
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 6. ‘technical building system’ means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, on-site renewable energy generation and storage , or a combination thereof, including those systems using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit; | 6. ‘technical building system’ means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, electrical installations, on-site renewable energy generation and storage, or a combination thereof, including those systems using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit; |
Or. en
Amendment 13
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 40 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 40a. ‘electrical installation’ means the system composed of all the fixed components (such as switchboards, electric cables, earthing systems, sockets, switches and light fittings) aiming to transmit electricity generated on-site or to distribute electrical power within a building to all points of use, including electric vehicles recharging points; |
Or. en
Amendment 14
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 57 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 57a. 'pre-cabling' means all measures that are necessary to enable the installation of recharging points at a later date, including cable routes, space for transformers and electricity meters. |
Or. en
Amendment 15
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (a) the installation of at least one recharging point; | (a) the installation of at least one recharging point for every two parking spaces; |
Or. en
Amendment 16
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point c
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (c) at least one bicycle parking space for every car parking space; | (c) at least one secure bicycle parking space for every car parking space; |
Or. en
Amendment 17
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| where the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical infrastructure of the car park. | where the car park is located inside the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical installation of the building, or the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical installations of the car park. |
Or. en
Amendment 18
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| Member States shall ensure that the pre-cabling is dimensioned so as to enable the simultaneous use of the expected number of recharging points. | Member States shall ensure that the pre-cabling and the electrical installation is dimensioned to enable the simultaneous efficient, economically and environmentally optimised use of recharging points on all parking spaces, while taking into account that the efficient use of simultaneous charging need not involve all charging points operating at full power. |
Or. en
Amendment 19
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 3
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, point (a), for new office buildings and office buildings undergoing major renovation, with more than five parking spaces, Member States shall ensure the installation of at least one recharging point for every two parking spaces. | deleted |
Or. en
Amendment 20
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 2. With regard to all non-residential buildings with more than twenty parking spaces, Member States shall ensure the installation of at least one recharging point for every ten parking spaces, and at least one bicycle parking space for every car parking space, by 1 January 2027. In case of buildings owned or occupied by public authorities, Member States shall ensure pre-cabling for at least one in two parking spaces by 1 January 2033. | 2. With regard to all existing non-residential buildings with more than ten parking spaces, Member States shall ensure the installation of at least one recharging point for every ten parking spaces, and at least one secure bicycle parking space for every car parking space, by 1 January 2027. Member States shall ensure the installation of recharging points for at least 15% of all parking spaces by 1 January 2030 and of at least three recharging points for every ten parking spaces by 1 January 2035. In case of buildings owned or occupied by public authorities, Member States shall ensure pre-cabling for all parking spaces by 1 January 2030. |
Or. en
Amendment 21
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 2a. With regard to all existing non-residential buildings with more than five parking spaces, Members States shall ensure the installation of pre-cabling for every parking space for 15% of all existing non-residential buildings by 2027 and 30% by 2030 and 100% by 2035. In case of buildings owned or occupied by public authorities, Member States ensure pre-cabling for all parking spaces by 1 January 2030. |
Or. en
Amendment 22
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 3
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 3. Member States may adjust requirements for the number of bicycle parking spaces in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 for specific categories of non-residential buildings where bicycles are typically less used as a means of transport. | deleted |
Or. en
Amendment 23
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1 – point b
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| (b) at least two bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling. | (b) at least two secure bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling. |
Or. en
Amendment 24
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical infrastructure of the car park. | the car park is located inside the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical installation of the building, or the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical installation of the car park. |
Or. en
Amendment 25
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| Member States shall ensure that the pre-cabling is dimensioned to enable the simultaneous use of recharging points on all parking spaces. Where, in the case of major renovation, ensuring two bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling is not feasible, Member States shall ensure as many bicycle parking spaces as appropriate. | Member States shall ensure that the pre-cabling and the electrical installation is dimensioned to enable the simultaneous efficient, economically and environmentally optimised use of recharging points on all parking spaces, while taking into account that the efficient use of simultaneous charging need not involve all charging points operating at full power. Where, in the case of major renovation, ensuring two bicycle parking spaces for every dwelling is not feasible, Member States shall ensure as many bicycle parking spaces as appropriate. |
Or. en
Amendment 26
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 4a. With regard to all existing residential buildings with more than three parking spaces, Member States shall ensure the installation of pre-cabling for every parking space for at least 15% of all residential buildings by 2027, 30% by 2030 and 100% by 2035. In case of buildings owned or occupied by public authorities, Member States shall ensure pre-cabling for all parking spaces by 1 January 2030. |
Or. en
Amendment 27
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 4b. Member States shall ensure that by 31 December 2025, in each logistics centre at least one recharging point dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles is deployed, providing an individual power output of at least 350 kW”. |
Or. en
Amendment 28
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4 c (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 4c. Without prejudice to the provision in Article 12(4b), Member States shall ensure sufficient pre-cabling for logistics centres in accordance with future needs for recharging points dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles. |
Or. en
Amendment 29
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 6
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 6. Member States shall ensure that the recharging points referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 are capable of smart charging and, where appropriate, bidirectional charging, and that they are operated based on non-proprietary and non-discriminatory communication protocols and standards, in an interoperable manner, and in compliance with any legal standards and protocols in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 19(6) and Article 19(7) of Regulation (EU) …/… [AFIR]. | 6. Member States shall ensure that the recharging points referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 are capable of smart charging and bidirectional charging, and that they are operated based on non-proprietary and non-discriminatory communication protocols and standards, in an interoperable manner, and in compliance with any legal standards and protocols in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 19(6) and Article 19(7) of Regulation (EU) …/… [AFIR]. |
Or. en
Amendment 30
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 8 – subparagraph 1
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
| 8. Member States shall provide for measures in order to simplify the deployment of recharging points in new and existing residential and non-residential buildings and remove regulatory barriers, including permitting and approval procedures, without prejudice to the property and tenancy law of the Member States. Member States shall remove barriers to the installation of recharging points in residential buildings with parking spaces, in particular the need to obtain consent from the landlord or co-owners for a private recharging point for own use. | 8. Member States shall provide for measures in order to simplify the deployment of recharging points in new and existing residential and non-residential buildings and remove regulatory barriers, including permitting and approval procedures, without prejudice to the property and tenancy law of the Member States. Member States shall remove barriers to the installation of recharging points in residential buildings with parking spaces, in particular the need to obtain consent from the landlord or co-owners for a private recharging point for own use. Member States shall introduce measures to ensure that the time between the application for a recharging point by a tenant or an owner in a building and its installation, where approved, does not exceed three months. |
Or. en