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European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC)

TA-10-2025-0333 · P10_TA(2025)0333 · PE779.752

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Parliament's amended version of the proposed Council regulation amending the EuroHPC Regulation to support AI Gigafactories and quantum technologies. It defines AI Gigafactories, sets funding, and adds a quantum pillar. It increases the Union financial contribution to EUR 3 972 300 000, with ringfenced amounts for quantum research, and allows additional funds from other programmes. It lays down rules for AI Gigafactory consortia, hosting agreements, access conditions, and governance, including public governance bodies and reporting.

Key points

  1. Defines 'AI Gigafactory' as a large-scale facility exceeding 100,000 advanced AI processors, and 'AI Gigafactory Consortium' as an association of entities established for at least five years.
  2. Adds a quantum technologies pillar to the Joint Undertaking's activities, covering research, lab-to-fab transition, skills, and international cooperation.
  3. Sets the Union financial contribution at up to EUR 3 972 300 000, with EUR 160 000 000 ringfenced for quantum actions under Horizon Europe.
  4. Allows additional Union funds from other programmes, provided they are matched by non-Union members and dedicated to specific pillars.
  5. Requires AI Gigafactories to be located in a Member State and financially supported by the Union, Participating States, and a consortium; non-Participating State entities are barred unless exceptions apply.
  6. Limits Union funding from Digital Europe or CEF to 17% of CAPEX; Horizon Europe funds cover guaranteed purchase of access time; remaining costs are borne by the consortium.
  7. Grants the Union ownership of the part of the infrastructure corresponding to its contribution for at least five years, with possible transfer to the consortium.
  8. Mandates free access for public entities and for research funded by Horizon Europe, Digital Europe, or CEF, and for SMEs' private innovation; priority access for SMEs and research organisations.
  9. Requires AI Gigafactory Hosting Agreements to include provisions on ownership, governance, scrutiny, financial contributions, access conditions, and an arbitration clause for the Court of Justice.
  10. Establishes a public governance body for each AI Gigafactory, with prior approval needed for third-country access agreements, structural changes, or strategic purpose changes.
  11. Sets selection criteria for AI Gigafactory Consortia, including technical quality, impact, financial feasibility, and labour market impact.
  12. Adds a Quantum Strategy Advisory Group to advise on quantum activities, with up to twelve members appointed by Private Members and the Governing Board.

Who is affected

  • AI Gigafactory Consortia and hosting entities: must comply with new definitions, selection criteria, and hosting agreement requirements.
  • SMEs, start-ups, and research organisations: gain facilitated access and free or priority access to AI Gigafactories.
  • Member States: may channel contributions through the Joint Undertaking and use RRF allocations for AI Gigafactories.
  • Quantum technology stakeholders: benefit from a dedicated pillar and ringfenced funding.

Figures and deadlines

  • EUR 3 972 300 000: Union financial contribution, including EUR 92 000 000 for administrative costs.
  • EUR 160 000 000: ringfenced for quantum actions under Horizon Europe.
  • EUR 1 660 000 000 from Horizon Europe, EUR 2 012 300 000 from Digital Europe, EUR 300 000 000 from Connecting Europe Facility.
  • 17%: maximum Union contribution to CAPEX from Digital Europe or CEF.
  • Five years: minimum duration for consortium and ownership or leased capacity.
  • 100,000 advanced AI processors: threshold for an AI Gigafactory.
  • At least 20% of cumulative budget not covered by annual instalments from January 2025.

Legal basis: Article 187 and Article 188, first paragraph, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union