Draft report (2025/2117(INI)) 24 November 2025

Recommendation for the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on EU-China political relations

AFET-AM-779786

Committee on Foreign Affairs

Full procedure 2025/2117

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Amendment 1

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its Resolution of 17 October 2023 on the implications of Chinese fishing operations on EU fisheries and the way forward;

Or. es

Amendment 2

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, recognizing the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the sole legal representative of China;

Or. en

Amendment 3

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the ‘Freedom in the World 2025’ report published by Freedom House,

Or. fi

Amendment 4

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the bilateral agreement on cooperation on global ocean governance, known as the 'EU-China Ocean Partnership', signed by the EU and the People's Republic of China on 16 July 2018,

Or. es

Amendment 5

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the World Press Freedom Index 2025 published by Reporters Without Borders,

Or. fi

Amendment 6

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its previous resolutions on the human rights situation in China,

Or. fi

Amendment 7

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to China’s Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence, Global Development Initiative (GDI), Global Security Initiative (GSI), Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) and Global Governance Initiative (GGI);

Or. en

Amendment 8

Rasa Juknevičienė, Miriam Lexmann

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its resolution of 24 October 2024 on the misinterpretation of UN resolution 2758 by the People's Republic of China and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan (T10-0030/2024);

Or. en

Amendment 9

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its resolution of 23 October 2024 on the misinterpretation of UN resolution 2758 by the People’s Republic of China and its continuous military provocations around Taiwan;

Or. en

Amendment 10

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its resolutions on breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, adopted in accordance with Rule 150 of its Rules of Procedure;

Or. en

Amendment 11

Mika Aaltola

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its recommendation on the EU's diplomatic strategy and geopolitical cooperation in the Arctic;

Or. en

Amendment 12

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its resolution of 28 November 2024 on Hong Kong, notably the cases of Jimmy Lai and the 45 activists recently convicted under the national security law;

Or. en

Amendment 13

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its report of 13 November 2025 on addressing transnational repression of human rights defenders;

Or. en

Amendment 14

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to Regulation (EU) 2023/2675 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 November 2023 on the protection of the Union and its Member States from economic coercion by third countries;

Or. en

Amendment 15

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 d (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 establishing a framework for ensuring a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials and amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1724 and (EU) 2019/1020(1), also known as the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA);

Or. en

Amendment 16

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 e (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to its resolution of 10 July 2025 on tackling China’s critical raw materials export restrictions;

Or. en

Amendment 17

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 f (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights treaties and instruments, in particular the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide;

Or. en

Amendment 18

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Citation 2 g (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	– having regard to the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 and the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration of 1987;

Or. en

Amendment 19

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital -A (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	-A. whereas the EU and China together represent 22.7% of the global population and a significant portion of the global economy, accounting for nearly 30% of global trade and over a third of global GDP; whereas China is the EU's second-largest trading partner for goods, and the EU is the largest trading partner for China in terms of services;

Or. en

Amendment 20

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital -A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	-A a. whereas the EU and China started diplomatic relations more than 50 years ago and signed a Trade and Cooperation Agreement in 1985, which remains the main legal framework for their economic and trade relations; whereas the European Parliament and China’s National People’s Congress opened their bilateral relations in 1979 and held 42 bilateral meetings since then; whereas relations between the European Parliament and National People’s Congress had been interrupted from 2019 to 2025 because of the Covid pandemic and China’s sanctions against the European Parliament and other EU citizens and entities; whereas in 2025 China’s has lifted sanctions against the European Parliament and the European Parliament has decided to resume its relations with China;

Or. en

Amendment 21

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Recital -A b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	-A b. whereas China lifted nearly 800 million people out of poverty over a period of about 40 years, starting around 1978; whereas this significant reduction occurred alongside the country's economic reforms, openness and integration into global trade, and cooperation with the EU and its member states;

Or. en

Amendment 22

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital -A c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	-A c. whereas China is a key partner for achieving the EU and global climate goals due to its position as the world's largest polluter, energy producer and consumer, as well as its leading role in renewable energy technology; whereas the EU has a legally binding pledge to cut net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and China has pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 7 to 10% by 2035; whereas without broad international cooperation these efforts might still not be sufficient to align with the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1,5 degrees Celsius;

Or. en

Amendment 23

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital -A d (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	-A d. whereas the EU is the world’s largest aid donor and China the world's largest international development lender, surpassing the combined official lending of institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and it is the single largest bilateral creditor in 53 countries; whereas China’s overseas lending has funded major infrastructure projects and influenced developing countries' debt burdens;

Or. en

Amendment 24

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	deleted

Or. en

Amendment 25

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas this unbalanced economic relation has resulted in a substantial trade deficit for the EU, which amounted to €305.8 billion in 2024; whereas China’s policy of tightening export controls on rare earth elements (REEs) and other critical raw materials (CRMs) has wide implications for EU–China trade relations; whereas this instrumentalization of the Chinese trade policy reveals a growing pattern of Beijing’s use of its dominance over strategic supply chains to exert geopolitical leverage; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;

Or. en

Amendment 26

Petar Volgin

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas EU–China relations have deteriorated significantly; whereas continued hostile actions risk transforming the EU and China from potential partners into strategic rivals;

Or. en

Amendment 27

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) domestic and international policy has led to a clear shift towards aspects of competition and systemic rivalry with EU and other democracies; whereas the EU’s policy towards China is increasingly guided by the need for de-risking;

Or. en

Amendment 28

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas, in recent years, relations between the European Union and China have become increasingly complex and challenging, resulting in heightened economic and political tensions and confrontation;

Or. en

Amendment 29

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations; whereas the EU and many Member States, relied heavily on trade with China and on Chinese investment, neglecting the dependencies and the opportunities for Chinese coercion that these economic ties created;

Or. en

Amendment 30

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jaroslav Bžoch

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations; whereas the Union must defend its own interests, in a spirit of strategic autonomy, avoiding both naivety towards Beijing and systematic alignment with other powers;

Or. en

Amendment 31

Hana Jalloul Muro, Javi López

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the European Union marks its fiftieth anniversary; whereas, in light of the current geopolitical context, the European Council and the European Commission have examined in greater depth the prospects for future relations and cooperation between the EU and China through the 25th China-EU Leaders’ Meeting and the EU-China Summit held in July 2025; whereas concern persists regarding certain practices that affect global markets —such as state subsidies and pricing practices— that continue to create obstacles to market access and legal certainty for European businesses, in addition the limited benefits for European companies and posing challenges to Europe’s economic security;

Or. en

Amendment 32

Engin Eroglu, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) domestic and international policy has led to aspects of competition and rivalry increasingly coming to the fore and reducing partnership; whereas China is, of its own accord, clearly shifting our relations towards systemic rivalry; whereas the EU’s policy towards China is increasingly guided by the need for de-risking, cooperating where possible, competing fairly, and confronting where required to protect our interests;

Or. en

Amendment 33

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations; whereas cooperation with China is necessary in any case to address global challenges;

Or. es

Amendment 34

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas the EU's trade deficit with China stood at EUR 305.8 billion in 2024; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;

Or. es

Amendment 35

Nicolás Pascual de la Parte, Susana Solís Pérez

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations require careful recalibration, as China currently offers few benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these practices have turned China into a potential partner, a trade and economic competitor and a systemic rival;

Or. en

Amendment 36

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. Whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are key for the future of both, especially for common challenges such as climate change, peace, and sustainable development. Whereas China could offer benefits to European companies; whereas China is rising in global markets through state aid programs and planning; whereas tensions on tariffs with US and the freezing of the CAI is affecting European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas China is a potential partner but could also be a strategic rival, if EU is leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in bilateral relations;

Or. en

Amendment 37

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are steadily shrinking, as China currently offers few, if any, benefits to European companies and diminishes rather than contributes to Europe’s security; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have turned China from a potential partner into a strategic rival, leaving little room for genuine cooperation or fair competition in EU-China relations;	A. whereas the prospects for future EU-China relations are affected by China’s increasingly authoritarian governance, increasingly widespread human rights violations, and state-driven economic practices that distort markets and undermine fair competition world-wide; whereas the PRC domestic and international policies have strengthened the competition and rivalry dimensions of the relation, to the detriment of the partnership; whereas these developments urgently require the EU to pursue a principled, coherent, and human rights-centred China policy grounded in international law, democratic resilience and economic de-risking;

Or. en

Amendment 38

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A a. whereas, through Military-Civil Fusion, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) seeks to eliminate the barriers between China’s civilian research and commercial sectors and its military and defense industrial sectors; whereas its goal is to enable the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to develop the most technologically advanced military in the world; whereas the CCP is implementing this strategy not only through its own research and development efforts, but also by acquiring and diverting the world’s cutting-edge technologies — including through esponiage and theft — in order to achieve military dominance;

Or. en

Amendment 39

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A a. whereas the climate and biodiversity crises constitute major security challenges for both the EU and China; whereas China remains the world’s largest emitter but also a major actor in clean-tech supply chains; whereas cooperation on global climate action remains essential while ensuring that it does not deepen strategic dependencies or undermine the integrity of the EU’s green transition; whereas overdependence on Chinese technologies and resources in the area of climate change prevention and green transition renders the EU vulnerable;

Or. en

Amendment 40

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A a. whereas the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty over the past four decades through a combination of planning, state-led investment and targeted industrial policy, and whereas the European Union recognises that such achievements contribute to global sustainable development and should serve as a source of joint reflection on development models;”

Or. en

Amendment 41

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Aa. whereas, according to the EU customs authorities, around 4.6 billion small parcels worth less than EUR 150 were imported into the Union in 2024, 91 % of which came from China; whereas the goods concerned are often of very poor quality or are counterfeit and do not meet European safety or quality standards;

Or. fi

Amendment 42

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Aa. whereas Chinese critical raw materials account for 98 % of all the rare earths imported by the EU, and whereas, for example, 93 % of magnesium and 97 % of lithium are imported from China;

Or. sv

Amendment 43

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A b. whereas climate change, biodiversity loss and global health risks present systemic threats that neither the EU nor China can address alone, and whereas enhanced EU-China cooperation in these fields is indispensable in order to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;

Or. en

Amendment 44

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A c. whereas China’s model of coordinated public investment and long-term economic planning has proven capacity to mobilise large-scale infrastructure, innovation and low-carbon transitions, and whereas the EU should take note of such approaches while pursuing its own Green Deal objectives and industrial strategy;

Or. en

Amendment 45

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A d (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A d. whereas the EU’s current economic policy framework, overly reliant on market liberalisation and laissez-faire models, risks undermining its capacity to engage in truly strategic partnerships, and whereas a balanced approach recognising the role of public planning and investment is necessary for the EU to remain a credible partner to China in global governance, development finance and climate action;

Or. en

Amendment 46

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A e (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A e. whereas China is the world’s largest investor in renewable energy and has made significant progress in scaling up solar, wind and public transport electrification, thereby contributing to the global mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and creating opportunities for closer EU–China cooperation on green technologies and standards;

Or. en

Amendment 47

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A f (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A f. whereas China’s large-scale poverty reduction has constituted one of the most important contributions to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular Sustainable Development Goal 1 on ending poverty in all its forms everywhere; whereas lessons can be drawn from this experience for joint EU–China efforts in partner countries;

Or. en

Amendment 48

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A g (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A g. whereas long-term economic planning, coordinated industrial policy and strong public investment have played a central role in China’s development trajectory, including in decarbonisation, digitalisation and infrastructure; whereas a debate on the merits of such instruments is needed within the Union, whose economic governance has often prioritised fiscal consolidation and market liberalisation over strategic public investment;

Or. en

Amendment 49

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A h (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A h. whereas both the European Union and China officially support multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations; whereas constructive EU–China engagement is essential in conflict prevention, peacebuilding, arms control and global crisis management, including in regions such as the Middle East, Africa and Asia;

Or. en

Amendment 50

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital A i (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	A i. whereas people-to-people contacts, academic cooperation and city-to-city partnerships between the EU and China contribute to mutual understanding and can play an important role in promoting socially just and environmentally sustainable models of urban development, mobility and housing;

Or. en

Amendment 51

Engin Eroglu, Bernard Guetta, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Nathalie Loiseau, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is turning into a regional hegemon and rapidly becoming a global super power; whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global security and economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU; whereas a unified and consistent EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs; whereas China is consistently working to undermine the rules-based multilateral order, for example, through the establishment and use of alternative cooperation formats such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS Plus, as well as by setting up a parallel international order via its four global initiatives, including the Global Development, Global Security, Global Civilization, and Global Governance Initiatives, thereby promoting and distorting internationally recognized concepts and norms such as on human rights and “sovereign equality,” while providing autocratic regimes with ideological and political backing and shielding them from international condemnation for human rights violations;

Or. en

Amendment 52

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and therefore holds responsibilities to uphold a multilateral rules-based international order, and an effective global and digital governance, based on the respect of the UN Charter and international law; whereas it is rapidly becoming a dominant regional and global power; whereas a long-term, comprehensive, principled and constructive common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;

Or. en

Amendment 53

Nacho Sánchez Amor

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and therefore holds responsibilities to uphold a multilateral rules-based international order, and an effective global and digital governance, based on the respect of the UN Charter and international law; whereas it is rapidly becoming a dominant regional and global power; whereas a comprehensive, principled critical and constructive common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;

Or. en

Amendment 54

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jaroslav Bžoch

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; that it is up to Member States, which are sovereign in matters of foreign policy, to cooperate when they deem it necessary to defend their interests in the face of China's rise, within the framework of European strategic autonomy based on reciprocity and the protection of our economic, industrial, military and diplomatic interests;

Or. en

Amendment 55

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is the dominant regional and a global power; whereas the EU’s most recent China strategy dates from 2019; whereas a new common EU policy and strategy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs, based on the current global geopolitical situation and therefore with a clear focus on security and on the EU’s strategic autonomy;

Or. sv

Amendment 56

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the regional hegemon and a global super power; whereas China is consistently working to undermine the rules-based multilateral order, including through establishing new platforms of cooperations such as BRICS; whereas a unified common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;

Or. en

Amendment 57

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming a threatening regional and global power; whereas the growing influence of communist China, a country which tramples on human rights, must be seen as a long-term threat to EU Member States that must be resolutely countered at many different levels; whereas the Chinese vessel Yi Peng 3 was responsible for cable damage in the Baltic Sea in November 2024;

Or. fi

Amendment 58

Nicolás Pascual de la Parte, Susana Solís Pérez

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming a dominant regional power and a global power; whereas a single, united and pragmatic EU policy towards China, based on European open strategic autonomy, reciprocity and cooperation, is needed to determine its future in global affairs;

Or. en

Amendment 59

Ana Miguel Pedro

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant and increasingly assertive regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;

Or. pt

Amendment 60

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital B

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs;	B. whereas China is rapidly becoming the dominant regional and a global power; whereas a common and coherent EU policy towards China is needed to determine the EU’s future in global affairs if the EU wishes to be a true protagonist on the global stage;

Or. es

Amendment 61

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	B a. whereas the growing asymmetry in EU-China relations in key sectors, including access to markets, technological capabilities, industrial policy, and critical raw materials, poses challenges for the Union;

Or. en

Amendment 62

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Ba. whereas on 4 February 2022 China entered into ‘unlimited cooperation’ with Russia, and that cooperation has been stepped up in recent years;

Or. es

Amendment 63

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital B b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Bb. whereas China is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council;

Or. es

Amendment 64

Engin Eroglu, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas China continues to be the key enabler of Russia’s war in Ukraine, serving as the largest provider of dual-use goods; whereas without China’s support, Russia would not be able to wage its war of aggression against Ukraine to the same extent or with the same force; whereas China’s position vis-a-vis Russia and its war in Ukraine will be a determining factor for EU-China relations going forward; whereas China has significantly deepened its strategic partnership with Russia since the outbreak of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine; whereas Chinese and Russian media are disseminating similar narratives on Ukraine; whereas Sino-Russian cooperation in areas such as defence, Arctic, space and trade in dual-use technology has strongly increased; whereas the Chinese leadership has repeatedly publicly committed to the partnership with Russia; whereas China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi reportedly stated that China can’t accept Russia losing its war against Ukraine thus positioning China as an opponent of Europe’s core interests in upholding our security architecture and European peace;

Or. en

Amendment 65

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security; and recalls that any enabling and material support to Russia’s war of aggression violates the UN Charter and undermines European and global security; stresses the need for coordinated EU action, including appropriate additional restrictive measures, to deter further support to Russia’s military capabilities; stresses that by enabling Russia’s achievement of its objectives in the Ukrainian conflict would position China as an opponent to the EU’s core interests with regard to the security architecture and peace in Europe;

Or. en

Amendment 66

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Hermann Tertsch, Jaroslav Bžoch

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security; China has increased its diplomatic and economic support for Russia, and exports of dual-use goods from China have been documented by several international sources; that bilateral trade reached a record high of more than $240 billion in 2024, a sharp increase from the pre-war period; that China alone accounts for nearly half of Russia's foreign trade; that this asymmetrical rapprochement helps to sustain Russia's war effort and is a source of concern for European security;

Or. en

Amendment 67

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas China is one of Russia’s most important trading partners in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine; whereas China is supplying Russia with components and technology that can also be used for military purposes, and whereas China is helping Russia to circumvent the sanctions imposed on it; whereas, according to the Ukrainian Government, some Chinese companies have links to the Russian arms industry; whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;

Or. fi

Amendment 68

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas Russia’s war of aggression and invasion of Ukraine is in blatant violation of art 2 of the UN Charter and also of China’s own Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence; whereas China has so far failed to officially condemn Russia’s war of aggression and invasion; whereas following the start of the conflict China has emerged as the largest supplier of not only commercial goods, but increasingly of dual-use components covered by the EU export sanctions; whereas China’s diplomatic and economic support is playing a decisive role in enabling Russia ’s illegal war against Ukraine, which represents an essential threat to European security;

Or. en

Amendment 69

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Dan Barna

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s increasing diplomatic, economic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, expressing its willingness to 'strengthen cooperation with Russia and defend shared security interests' as recently as 27 October 2025, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort; whereas China’s publicly stated narrative of neutrality or mediation in the conflict is contradicted by its material support; whereas the inter-linkages between China’s decisive contribution and Russian capabilities to pursue warmongering policies toward Europe makes China a threat to European security;

Or. en

Amendment 70

Ana Miguel Pedro

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal and unprovoked war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a real threat to the people of Ukraine, European security and the credibility of the European response to serious violations of international law;

Or. pt

Amendment 71

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas China is the main enabler of Russia’s war in Ukraine through its diplomatic, economic and material support; and as such a threat to European security; whereas China has significantly deepened its strategic partnership with Russia through increased cooperation in security and defence areas including trade in dual-use technologies or building synergies in the Arctic; whereas the Chinese leadership has publicly committed to the partnership with Russia;

Or. en

Amendment 72

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security; whereas the EU's policy towards China cannot ignore China's stance on Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine;

Or. es

Amendment 73

Petar Volgin

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s support for Russia, NATO decided that China is a threat to European security;

Or. en

Amendment 74

Rasa Juknevičienė, Miriam Lexmann

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material and military support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;

Or. en

Amendment 75

Petras Auštrevičius, Lucia Yar, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic, material and military support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;

Or. en

Amendment 76

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
C. whereas in response to China’s diplomatic and material support for Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine, NATO has called China a ‘decisive enabler’ of the Russian war effort, meaning it is a threat to European security;	C. whereas China’s diplomatic and material support to end the Russia’s illegal war against Ukraine is crucial and EU and China should work together towards a diplomatic solution of the conflict;

Or. en

Amendment 77

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas China has dramatically expanded its industrial capacity in strategic green and transport sectors, becoming the world’s leading producer of solar panels, a dominant global actor in wind turbine manufacturing, and a major exporter of high-speed rail technology; whereas China’s rapid expansion in these sectors has been driven by large-scale state support and strategic industrial planning, whereas this strong and strategically coordinated industrial growth poses increasing competitive pressure on European industries, highlighting the need for the EU to strengthen its own production capacity, invest in innovation and ensure a resilient and sustainable industrial base capable of competing globally;

Or. en

Amendment 78

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas in the past China condemned the nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and called on that country to abandon its nuclear programme, blocking however the UN efforts to impose further sanctions on North Korea in response to that; whereas the DPRK is the only state that has directly deployed troops in support of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine; whereas serious concerns persist regarding potential transfers of nuclear or ballistic missile–related technologies to the DPRK in exchange for arms and military personnel supplied to Russia;

Or. en

Amendment 79

Nicolás Pascual de la Parte, Susana Solís Pérez

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas dialogue and diplomatic engagement remain essential tools for managing EU-China relations despite significant divergences; whereas high-level political dialogue, including the EU-China summit held in Beijing in July 2025, should be maintained to address shared global challenges; whereas such critical engagement must not compromise EU positions on fundamental values and principles, including the respect for international law, human rights, and China's full compliance with the rules and principles of the multilateral system and international organisations;

Or. en

Amendment 80

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, António Tânger Corrêa, Jorge Martín Frías, Nikola Bartůšek, Hermann Tertsch

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas freedom of religion and belief continues to deteriorate across mainland China, as the CCP pursues an intensive campaign of “sinicisation” of religion, requiring all religions to adhere to the party's ideology, doctrine and teachings;

Or. en

Amendment 81

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas PRC diplomatic posts often provide funding and guidance to Chinese students and scholars associations, including directing members to disrupt lectures or events that challenge CCP ideology or viewpoints;

Or. en

Amendment 82

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. whereas China has continued to raise its defence budget, is building up its nuclear arsenal and announced a 7.2 % rise in its defence budget to €220 billion for 2025;

Or. en

Amendment 83

Ondřej Kolář

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C a. Whereas China benefits from the continuing war in Ukraine in terms of gaining combat knowledge and testing various modern technologies;

Or. en

Amendment 84

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital C b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C b. whereas, since 2024, Chinese authorities have reportedly forcibly repatriated at least 406 refugees to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), where they face a grave risk of persecution and ill-treatment, including torture, arbitrary detention, sexual violence, forced labour, and possible execution, in clear violation of international human rights and refugee law; whereas Chinese officials involved in such unlawful deportations could bear individual criminal responsibility for contributing to serious human rights violations committed under the totalitarian regime of Kim Jong Un;

Or. en

Amendment 85

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital C b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C b. whereas Confucius Institutes (CIs) are co-funded and staffed by CCP-selected Chinese instructors who teach the CCP’s interpretation of Mandarin and Chinese culture, delivering narrow, CCP-approved curricula in a manner that contradicts academic freedom;

Or. en

Amendment 86

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital C c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C c. whereas the CCP engages academic institutions such as Confucius Institutes, as well as individual scholars, in a concerted effort to divert key technology and research to China and its military — often at the expense of European entrepreneurs, universities, and taxpayers;

Or. en

Amendment 87

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital C d (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C d. whereas in recent years, numerous CIs in Europe, America, Australia and other like-minded countries have been closed over concerns that Beijing is using them to spread propaganda and to conduct espionage, including targeting Chinese international students;

Or. en

Amendment 88

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital C e (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	C e. whereas the CCP exploits the open and transparent nature of the global research environment to strengthen its own military capabilities through direct espionage and entities such as Confucius Institutes or other institutions designed to impose CCP views and ideology, which require academic scholarship recipients to report their overseas research to PRC diplomats, serve to divert key technologies and are used as tools of transnational repression;

Or. en

Amendment 89

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau; whereas the authorities routinely detain, prosecute and imprison individuals on politically motivated charges, including human rights defenders, journalists, lawyers and pro-democracy activists; whereas the case of Swedish citizen Gui Minhai, arbitrarily detained since 2015 and sentenced in a closed trial, illustrates the continued disregard for due process and consular access;

Or. en

Amendment 90

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas China has become increasingly authoritarian domestically; whereas the European Union and China have, since 1995, formally agreed to maintain a regular Human Rights Dialogue to enable in-depth exchanges on human rights developments both in the EU and in China, making China the first country to establish such a dialogue with the European Union; whereas despite the continuation of this dialogue, progress on key human rights issues in China has remained limited, and concerns persist regarding systemic human rights violations, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy, notably in Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet and against the Uyghur minority; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China;

Or. en

Amendment 91

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau; including crimes against humanity against Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples in Xinjiang, severe repression in Tibet, and the criminalisation of peaceful dissent; deplores the dismantling of political freedoms and judicial independence in Hong Kong;

Or. en

Amendment 92

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not in any way share the democratic values of the EU Member States, and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes grim governance models abroad that contradict European values; whereas the promotion and protection of security, human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations, including the oppression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang province and the systematic policy of oppression in Tibet, continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. fi

Amendment 93

Petar Volgin

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the EU and China differ in their political systems and will continue to do so; whereas the EU should recognise these distinctions and pursue channels for constructive cooperation and open dialogue; whereas engagement between the EU and China should focus on mutual respect, communication and practical collaboration despite differing approaches to governance;

Or. en

Amendment 94

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic political system and vision of the world; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the EU model; whereas EU should express concerns over human rights violations in China as in its member states and in the rest of the world;

Or. en

Amendment 95

Engin Eroglu, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Nathalie Loiseau, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and is authoritarian domestically while it promotes authoritarian governance models abroad that contradict universal human rights, such as rights to life, freedom of speech, religion, assembly, fair trial, and voting; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of EU foreign policy; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe deterioration on fundamental freedoms in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. en

Amendment 96

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, António Tânger Corrêa, Jorge Martín Frías, Nikola Bartůšek, Hermann Tertsch

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong, Macau, Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia;

Or. en

Amendment 97

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict Western values at large; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. en

Amendment 98

Ana Miguel Pedro

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic and humanist values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. pt

Amendment 99

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė, Tomáš Zdechovský

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is a totalitarian party-state which does not share the EU’s democratic values while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict and undermine EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain the core pillar of EU foreign policy; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe deterioration of fundamental freedoms in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. en

Amendment 100

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should remain at the centre of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;	D. whereas the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not share the EU’s democratic values and has become increasingly authoritarian domestically while it promotes governance models abroad that contradict EU values; whereas the promotion and protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law should be an important dimension of the relationship between the EU and China; whereas systemic human rights violations continue unabated in China, alongside severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms and democracy in Hong Kong and Macau;

Or. es

Amendment 101

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Da. whereas the oppression of the Uyghurs has been described as genocide, involving mass imprisonment, suppression of religious freedom and destruction of culture; whereas, according to various estimates, between 800 000 and 3 million people belonging to the Uyghur minority have been detained in ‘re-education’ camps; whereas China is also pursuing a similar policy of forced assimilation in Tibet, where an estimated one million children have been separated from their parents and placed in state-run boarding schools;

Or. fi

Amendment 102

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D a. whereas the Chinese government is implementing increasingly oppressive domestic policies, repressing any form of dissent, cracking-down on all civil and political freedoms and targeting particularly harshly ethnic minorities, such as Tibetan and Uyghur populations, attempting to eradicate their identity through displacement, forced marriages, torture, forced sterilization, and implementing a massive campaign and systemic forced labour scheme against the Uyghurs;

Or. en

Amendment 103

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D a. whereas Beijing is known to engage in transnational repression of Chinese citizens by clandestinely operating police service centres around the world; whereas as many as 36 centres are known to operate illegally on European soil; whereas this constitutes a flagrant violation of the sovereignty of the EU Member States and a threat to their security;

Or. en

Amendment 104

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D a. whereas, despite recent high-profile efforts to combat corruption, it remains a widespread problem in China, affecting nearly every sector; whereas Chinese foreign investments are likewise influenced by this practice, thereby transferring corruption to developing countries, including through its Belt and Road Initiative;

Or. en

Amendment 105

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D a. whereas the amount of workers' strikes in China has increased significantly since 2020; whereas whilst worker strikes are not explicitly illegal in China, Chinese laws do not sanction or protect the rights to strike;

Or. en

Amendment 106

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D b. whereas freedom of religion and belief continues to deteriorate across mainland China, with the CCP carrying out an intense campaign of ‘sinicisation’ of religion, requiring all religions to adhere to the party's ideology, doctrine, and teachings; whereas Chinese authorities’ interference in the selection of the next Dalai Lama is a politically calculated move to undermine the legitimacy of Tibetan spiritual authority and as such the Tibetan culture and identity;

Or. en

Amendment 107

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D b. whereas China does not currently allow the formation of independent trade unions outside of structure of the All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) and workers’ rights defenders face harassment, surveillance and criminal prosecution; whereas a ban on independent trade unions may entail a discrimination of the fundamental ILO Conventions No.87 and No.98 on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining;

Or. en

Amendment 108

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Db. whereas China has fallen to third from bottom (178th place) in the World Press Freedom Index 2025 published by Reporters Without Borders; whereas China has been described as the world’s largest prison for journalists, with a regime that suppresses journalism and the right to information around the world;

Or. fi

Amendment 109

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D b. whereas Beijing has intensified its campaign against Taiwan across legal, military, informational and political spheres, including the increased cognitive pressure;

Or. en

Amendment 110

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital D c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D c. whereas since the PRC imposed the National Security Law (NSL) on 30 June 2020, fundamental freedoms, the rule of law and the judiciary’s independence in Hong Kong have collapsed; whereas the PRC has fully breached the ‘one country, two systems’ principle, the Sino-British and Sino-Portuguese Joint Declarations and the ICCPR;

Or. en

Amendment 111

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital D c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D c. whereas credible reports indicate mass detentions of over three million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities since 2014; whereas widespread surveillance, forced labour, forced sterilisation, sexual abuse, transnational repression and family separations have also been reported;

Or. en

Amendment 112

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital D c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D c. whereas Beijing has increased pressure on its neighbours, including through aggressive maritime actions against the Philippines in the South China Sea and unfriendly or provocative activity towards Japan, reflecting a broader pattern of coercive behaviour in the Indo-Pacific;

Or. en

Amendment 113

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital D d (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	D d. whereas the Global Governance Initiative (GGI), announced by Xi Jinping at the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, marks a shift from sectoral cooperation to a broader competition for global governance leadership; whereas it complements the Global Security Initiative (GSI), the Global Development Initiative (GDI), and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI), providing an overarching framework that challenges the international order and reveals Beijing’s ambition to reshape global governance structures to its own advantage;

Or. en

Amendment 114

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s aggressive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests; whereas China, as expressed by President Xi Jinping in his 2017 report to the 19th CCP Congress, firmly intends to play the role of a leading power on the world stage by 2049; whereas the CCP's economic planning, such as the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-range Objectives Through the Year 2035, builds upon this goal; whereas previous planning, such as the 'Made in China 2025' Plan launched in 2015, is considered to have met substantial success, helping establish China as a leading powerhouse in the field of green technologies, electric vehicles, robotics and automation;

Or. en

Amendment 115

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests; whereas China's presence in Latin America is creating economic dependencies that influence foreign policy directions of Latin American countries; whereas China is particularly active in influencing the political directions of Latin American countries regarding the one-China policy; whereas China is intensifying its Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America, with Colombia signing up to the BRI at the China-CELAC forum of 13 May 2025;

Or. en

Amendment 116

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical, technological, and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, as well as its rhetoric, aim at shaping a narrative distorting key principles of the rules-based international order, effectively undermining international governance models in ways that increasingly threatens international stability, the EU’s core values, global partnerships, and geopolitical interests;

Or. en

Amendment 117

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests; whereas China’s growing presence in Africa and other continents is supported by opaque investments often inciting corruption, debt dependencies, and yielding negative impacts on good governance, human rights and environment;

Or. en

Amendment 118

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its adjusted Belt and Road Initiative, continue to expand Beijing’s political influence through investments in digital infrastructure, critical raw materials and green technologies thereby are challenging the EU’s geopolitical interests and risking over-dependencies for partner countries;

Or. en

Amendment 119

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, should be not in with competition the EU’s geopolitical interests and both EU and China should work for a complementary and cooperative approach;

Or. en

Amendment 120

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative and the country’s growing interest in the Arctic region, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests; whereas Arctic cooperation between China and Russia has become much stronger in recent years;

Or. fi

Amendment 121

Hana Jalloul Muro, Javi López

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are acknowledged as significant global endeavours, yet raise concerns about their potential repercussions on the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 122

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are often in competition with and a challenge to the EU’s geopolitical interests;

Or. en

Amendment 123

Petar Volgin

Motion for a resolution

Recital E

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
E. whereas China’s assertive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are threatening the EU’s geopolitical interests;	E. whereas China’s proactive geopolitical and economic policies, including its Belt and Road Initiative, are creating significant economic and strategic opportunities for the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 124

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas several investigations in Europe have revealed security loopholes in Chinese-made electric buses, including cases in which Chinese suppliers had remote access to vehicle control systems, enabling the software to be remotely shut down or deactivated; whereas authorities have acknowledged that such vulnerabilities are not limited to buses alone, but apply to a wide range of vehicles and devices containing Chinese-made electronics with the "kill switch" functions; whereas this raises broader concerns about high-risk vendors and the integrity of critical infrastructure across the Union, prompting several Member States to introduce stricter cybersecurity requirements in future procurements and to dedicate substantial efforts to risk assessments highlighting the systemic risks posed by such technologies;

Or. en

Amendment 125

Petras Auštrevičius, Lucia Yar, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas on 27 January 2022 the EU has launched a case at the World Trade Organization against China over its discriminatory trade practices against Lithuania, which also affected other exports from the EU's Single Market; whereas China’s economic coercion was initiated in retaliation for Lithuania’s decision to strengthen its relations with Taiwan, particularly inviting to open Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania; whereas as a result of the pressure and discriminatory trade practices incurred from the Chinese side, the EU adopted Regulation (EU) 2023/2675 on the protection of the Union and its Member States from economic coercion by third countries;

Or. en

Amendment 126

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1998 but has yet to ratify it; whereas, under international law, a State that has signed an international treaty is obliged to refrain from acts that would defeat the object and purpose of that treaty, pending its entry into force through ratification, in accordance with Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; whereas according to China’s vision lay out in its Global Governance Initiative “The people of all nations are the fundamental actors in global governance, and their well-being is its ultimate benefit”;

Or. en

Amendment 127

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas, despite its claims of non-interference in domestic affairs of other States, China has repeatedly violated other States sovereignty, as highlighted by the discovery of 'overseas police station' used to monitor, pressure, and threatened the diaspora, notably in the EU; whereas it has attempted to undermine or prevent European research on China and Chinese politics by infiltrating universities and research centres to suppress critical academic voices; whereas it has led influence operations through its Confucius institute network;

Or. en

Amendment 128

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Hermann Tertsch, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jaroslav Bžoch

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas China's growing economic and security influence on the African continent through massive investments in infrastructure and natural resources, often accompanied by diplomatic tensions and local protests; that this dynamic is accompanied in some cases by a questioning of long-standing partnerships with EU Member States, highlighting the need for Europe to defend its presence in Africa on the basis of balanced cooperation that respects national sovereignty;

Or. en

Amendment 129

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E a. whereas Europe and China rank among the world’s three largest economic and trading powers; whereas the European Union constitutes a significant 14.5% of China’s total exports, while China accounts for only 8% of the EU’s exports; whereas these figures highlight not only the considerable scale of the bilateral economic relationship but also a trade imbalance that provides the opportunity for cooperative action;

Or. en

Amendment 130

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital E a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Ea. whereas China has stepped up its presence and influence in Latin America, now constituting most of the region's countries' No 1 trading partner, while increasing its investments in infrastructure and raw materials projects;

Or. es

Amendment 131

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Dan Barna, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital E b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E b. whereas through a combination of state-directed investment, strategic infrastructure acquisition, technology transfer, and influence operations, China seeks to expand its footprint within the EU, the EU’s neighbourhood, in countries aspiring to EU membership, and across the globe;

Or. en

Amendment 132

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Dan Barna, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital E c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	E c. whereas China’s investment policies have generated long-term debt exposure, reduced regulatory oversight, and increased strategic dependence on Chinese entities; whereas these policies often exploit governance vulnerabilities, economic pressures, and institutional weaknesses in partner countries, thereby undermining transparency, democratic standards, and the EU’s capacity to promote stability, convergence, and rule-of-law reforms in its neighbourhood;

Or. en

Amendment 133

Engin Eroglu, Dan Barna, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	deleted

Or. en

Amendment 134

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	F. whereas the escalating weaponization of trade and the intensifying economic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU and the rest of the world; whereas the EU and world remains heavily dependent on China’s rare earth minerals, which accounts for approximately 70% of global extraction and 90% of refining; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas it is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas the EU has a considerable trade toolbox it could resort to using to address the unbalanced EU-China trade relationship;

Or. en

Amendment 135

Jonas Sjöstedt, Merja Kyllönen

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU; whereas the EU should avoid being drawn into a bilateral trade or technology confrontation between the two powers and instead pursue an autonomous, interest-based approach that safeguards European economic security and strategic sovereignty;

Or. en

Amendment 136

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China caused by China’s growing assertiveness and antagonism has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU; whereas this requires the EU to work more closely with like-minded partners, including with the US;

Or. en

Amendment 137

Davor Ivo Stier

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU; whereas China's innovation capacity is rising, it now includes 24 officially designated innovation clusters, three of which rank among the global top 10;

Or. en

Amendment 138

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital F

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
F. whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;	F. whereas the United States has been acting in an increasingly decisive manner to contain the threat that China poses to global security; whereas the intensifying strategic competition between the United States and China has a significant impact on global economic stability, with considerable spillover effects on the EU;

Or. fi

Amendment 139

Mariusz Kamiński, Małgorzata Gosiewska

Motion for a resolution

Recital F a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	F a. whereas China, taking advantage of the openness of the West and the benefits offered by its integration into global free trade, has evolved not into an economic partner but into a disruptive competitor seeking to shape the global order in its favour; whereas the relationship between China and Europe, once characterised by interdependence, has increasingly shifted toward dependence as a result of deliberate Chinese policies and strategic missteps on the part of the EU; whereas massive trade imbalances were not the natural outcome of market forces but rather the product of a dense web of non-market interventions, including industrial subsidies, discriminatory regulations, currency management, intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers, and cyber intrusions, which have imposed substantial costs on businesses and workers in Europe;

Or. en

Amendment 140

Marion Maréchal

Motion for a resolution

Recital F a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Fa. whereas the Green Deal is making Europe increasingly dependent on China and is a major strategic vulnerability that is jeopardising entire sections of European industry; whereas it is vital to relocate critical sectors within Europe and make greater use of EU resources and skills;

Or. fr

Amendment 141

Ondřej Kolář

Motion for a resolution

Recital F a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	F a. whereas China uses its technology advantage as a geopolitical instrument; whereas China’s rapidly expanding research investment combined with its strategic emphasis on dual-use technologies, poses growing challenges to the EU’s technological competitiveness and security interests;

Or. en

Amendment 142

Marion Maréchal

Motion for a resolution

Recital F b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Fb. whereas China has a near monopoly on rare earth production (almost 60 % of global production), rare earth processing (85 % to 90 % of global capacity) and permanent magnet manufacturing (94 % of global capacity), and it benefits from an entirely integrated end-to-end supply chain in those sectors, from mineral extraction to the manufacture of magnets and chemical separation;

Or. fr

Amendment 143

Ondřej Kolář

Motion for a resolution

Recital F b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	F b. whereas China’s military modernisation includes development of ballistic missiles, hypersonic weapons, armed drones, and dual-use technologies — many of which are subject to EU export controls;

Or. en

Amendment 144

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion; whereas China’s expansionist policies and harassment behaviour in the South China Sea demonstrate a flagrant disregard for the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the freedom of navigation; whereas EU must work with its partners in strengthening deterrence capacities against any such attempts by the PRC;

Or. en

Amendment 145

Rasa Juknevičienė, Miriam Lexmann

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion; whereas China's grey-zone activities and hybrid warfare, including military intimidations, undersea-cable sabotage, military drills, economic coercion, cyberattacks, and foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) threat, aim to undermine Taiwan's democracy;

Or. en

Amendment 146

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas any change to the status quo must be achieved by peaceful means and in accordance with international law, and whereas the Union must contribute, strictly within the limits of its competences, to de-escalation and dialogue, avoiding any dynamic of strategic rivalry that would draw Member States into a logic of confrontation;

Or. en

Amendment 147

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas China has stepped up its military pressure on Taiwan by conducting large-scale military exercises and provocations in the region; whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;

Or. fi

Amendment 148

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas China’s increasing destabilising actions in the region undermine regional stability and threaten the freedom of navigation; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;

Or. en

Amendment 149

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Petras Auštrevičius, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas a Chinese government spokesperson said in October 2025 that China will “absolutely not” rule out using force over Taiwan; whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;

Or. en

Amendment 150

Engin Eroglu, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas Europe and the Indo-Pacific are deeply interconnected and both confronted by imperial ambitions and regional tensions that threaten the rules-based multilateral order; whereas peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in the Taiwan Strait and the South and East China Seas are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have overseas territories in the Indo-Pacific adding to their interest in the region’s security;

Or. en

Amendment 151

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the full respect of the One China principle, as enshrined in the UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force or coercion;

Or. en

Amendment 152

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Recital G

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
G. whereas peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea are of strategic importance for regional and global security and prosperity; whereas some EU Member States have a naval presence in Indo-Pacific; whereas the EU as a whole has a direct interest in the preservation of the status quo and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change it by force or coercion;	G. whereas the EU has a direct interest in peace, security, stability and freedom of navigation in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, which combined account for roughly 40% of global maritime trade, representing the world’s most economically vital and strategically sensitive sea lanes;

Or. en

Amendment 153

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital G a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	G a. whereas on November 8, 2025, the Chinese Consul General in Osaka, Xue Jian, issued a serious life threat against Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae, who the day before had stated that a Chinese attack on Taiwan would also threaten Japan's survival; whereas the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has not disavowed Xue's 'personal' statement, but instead blamed Takaichi for her 'wrongful and dangerous' remarks; whereas since this episode took place, Beijing's aggressive rhetoric against Japan has escalated considerably; whereas Chinese authorities have since warned their citizens not to travel to Japan; whereas this is a prime example of China's increasing aggressivenes in the region;

Or. en

Amendment 154

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Recital G a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	G a. whereas maintaining trust in the trade relationship requires a reliable and secure supply of critical raw materials from China; whereas China’s role as a dependable supplier aligns with its long-term economic and strategic interests; whereas the EU has acknowledged China’s efforts to fast-track licences for critical raw materials; whereas both sides have agreed to establish an upgraded supply-chain mechanism capable of promptly identifying and addressing emerging bottlenecks1a;
	1a https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/statement-president-von-der-leyen-joint-press-conference-president-ant%C3%B3nio-costa-following-eu-china_en

Or. en

Amendment 155

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jaroslav Bžoch

Motion for a resolution

Recital G a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	G a. whereas also the recent diplomatic tensions between Japan and China following statements by the Japanese Prime Minister that a Chinese attack on Taiwan could be considered a threat to national survival, illustrating the growing instability in the Indo-Pacific region and the major risks to supply chains, global trade, the economic security of the Union and, more broadly, European interests;

Or. en

Amendment 156

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Dan Barna, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital G a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	G a. whereas China’s investments in connectivity in Central Asia and in the South Caucasus establishes a physical continuum between Asia and Europe, and represents both risks and opportunities for the EU’s engagement with regional partners;

Or. en

Amendment 157

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, António Tânger Corrêa, Jorge Martín Frías, Nikola Bartůšek, Hermann Tertsch

Motion for a resolution

Recital G a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	G a. whereas the positive impact and strategic importance of deepening ties between the EU and Taiwan, which is regarded as a reliable and valued partner and plays an indispensable role as a technological and commercial partner;

Or. en

Amendment 158

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure; whereas the United States has included Chinese technological companies, notably Huawei and its subsidiaries, in its Entity List for these reasons; whereas some Member States, notably Spain, have persisted in concluding contracts of sensitive nature with Huawei against the Commission's warnings; whereas high ranking officers within the Spanish government and state-owned Spanish companies have known links with Huawei; whereas it seems no coincidence that these high ranking officers, significantly the Secretary of State for Telecommunications, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the latter's partner, who is a board member of the publicly owned satellite operator Hispasat, make strategic decisions in the field of telecommunications and foreign policy;

Or. en

Amendment 159

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, António Tânger Corrêa, Jorge Martín Frías, Nikola Bartůšek, Hermann Tertsch

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure, which require addressing the risks created by China's acquisition of such critical infrastructure in Member States, the Western Balkans and the EU's neighbourhood;

Or. en

Amendment 160

Nacho Sánchez Amor

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, espionage, foreign interference and disinformation activities in electoral processes, and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 161

Ondřej Kolář

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, academic, research and patent exploitation, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 162

Danilo Della Valle

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to third states, including China, US, Israel , and Russia increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 163

Engin Eroglu, Bernard Guetta, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, interference and disinformation operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 164

Ana Miguel Pedro

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and, above all, critical infrastructure;

Or. pt

Amendment 165

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro, Yannis Maniatis

Motion for a resolution

Recital H

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, political infiltration and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;	H. whereas cybersecurity threats, influence operations, espionage and hybrid warfare tactics attributed to actors affiliated to the Chinese state increasingly undermine European security, democratic resilience, social cohesion and critical infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 166

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas the EU pursues its “One China” policy, recognises the government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, and opposes any unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force, coercion or against the will of Taiwanese people; whereas the EU and Taiwan share common values, such as democracy, the rule of law and human rights, and have developed solid economic relations and close cooperation in a wide range of areas; whereas EU cooperation with Taiwan is crucial for global prosperity due to Taiwan's vital role in the semiconductor industry and global supply chains, its position as a significant trading partner for the EU, and its status as a hub for innovation in high-tech sectors;

Or. en

Amendment 167

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet, Hermann Tertsch, Roberto Vannacci, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas several ongoing European judicial investigations have highlighted suspicions of foreign interference, illicit access to sensitive information and attempts to influence European institutions, attributed to actors linked to China or Chinese telecommunications companies; whereas these practices are part of a broader strategy of acquiring sensitive technologies, industrial espionage and political pressure; whereas these cases, affecting elected representatives from different political families belonging to the pro-von der Leyen coalition, legitimately undermine public confidence in European institutions, already shaken by previous scandals such as the so-called “Qatargate” affair;

Or. en

Amendment 168

Hermann Tertsch, António Tânger Corrêa, Silvia Sardone, Jorge Martín Frías

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas intellectual property intensive industries are key contributors to the UE economy, and whereas a strong and reliable intellectual property framework that attracts deep longterm investment is integral to closing the innovation gap; whereas China remains the Priority 1 country for intellectual property enforcement actions due to the scale and persistence of intellectual property theft and forced technology transfers threatening European jobs, investment and competitiveness;

Or. en

Amendment 169

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Petras Auštrevičius, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas China undermines peace and security in the ASEAN region by supporting Myanmar´s brutal junta with money and weapons, and by harassing boats from the Philippines in the South China Sea within the Philippines' internationally recognized exclusive economic zone (EEZ), including ramming and water cannoning of a Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources vessel;

Or. en

Amendment 170

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas China set up a Polar Silk Road as an extension of its Belt and Road Initiative and is increasing its presence in the Arctic; whereas China is deepening its cooperation with Russia in the Arctic region, with China substituting lost investments of Western companies following the Western sanctions adopted after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine;

Or. en

Amendment 171

Sebastian Tynkkynen

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Ha. whereas China has established so-called ‘overseas police stations’ in numerous EU Member States; whereas those stations are used to gather information on Chinese dissidents and to control and put pressure on them;

Or. fi

Amendment 172

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H a. whereas Chinese diplomatic and consular networks within the EU have also been implicated in acts of transnational repression, including surveillance and intimidation of Chinese diaspora, thereby threatening fundamental rights in the Union;

Or. en

Amendment 173

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital H a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Ha. whereas the EU and the People's Republic of China signed a bilateral agreement in 2018, known as the Blue Partnership, which aims to improve cooperation on global ocean governance;

Or. es

Amendment 174

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital H b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	Hb. whereas China has the largest industrial fishing fleet in the world and, out of the 152 countries examined in 2023 by the IUU Fishing Index, China was the lowest-overall-scoring coastal state for illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing practices; whereas a recent report by the EU IUU Fishing Coalition — entitled ‘Beyond CATCH: why EU import controls still fail to keep illegal seafood out of the market’ — states that fisheries products from China's IUU fishing continue to enter the EU market without effective checks or oversight;

Or. es

Amendment 175

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Petras Auštrevičius, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital H b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H b. whereas Hong Kong’s national security police announced that they have issued arrest warrants for 19 overseas-based activists in July 2025, accusing them of forming or taking part in an organisation that authorities claim sought to undermine state power under the national security law imposed by Beijing in 2020 after the 2019 pro-democracy protests;

Or. en

Amendment 176

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital H b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H b. whereas China views the Western Balkans as a strategic area for its Belt and Road Initiative; whereas, beyond investments in infrastructure projects, China is also investing in the extractive and raw materials sector in the Western Balkans;

Or. en

Amendment 177

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Petras Auštrevičius, Dan Barna, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital H c (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	H c. whereas ten regimes worldwide account for nearly 80 % of all transnational repression cases; whereas China is the most frequent offender of transnational repression, according to Freedom House;

Or. en

Amendment 178

Lucia Annunziata

on behalf of the S&D Group

Nacho Sánchez Amor, Javi López, Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	deleted

Or. en

Amendment 179

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China representing an important moment for reviewing past achievements and envisioning future cooperation; whereas, in July, President Xi Jinping met with European Council President António Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during their joint visit to China, during which they held in-depth discussions on the development of China-EU relations and provided strategic guidance for the relationship’s future direction;

Or. en

Amendment 180

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China; whereas China’s President Xi Jinping declined the reciprocal invitation to Brussels on that occasion and, only days later, travelled to Moscow, symbolically reaffirming Beijing’s alignment with Russia;

Or. en

Amendment 181

Engin Eroglu, Bernard Guetta, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Nathalie Loiseau, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China; whereas China’s President Xi Jinping declined the reciprocal invitation to Brussels on that occasion and, only days later, travelled to Moscow, symbolically reaffirming Beijing’s alignment with Russia and its readiness to snub the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 182

Ana Miguel Pedro

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China and offers an opportunity to evaluate where the EU’s China policy has succeeded and where it has failed and to update its strategic approach;

Or. pt

Amendment 183

Francisco José Millán Mon, Gabriel Mato

Motion for a resolution

Recital I

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China;	I. whereas 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the EU and the People’s Republic of China; whereas the most recent EU-China Summit was held in Beijing on 24 July, and the only joint press release adopted focused on the climate;

Or. es

Amendment 184

Engin Eroglu, Bernard Guetta, Dan Barna, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Nathalie Loiseau, Urmas Paet

Motion for a resolution

Recital I a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I a. whereas Chinese industrial policies create massive overcapacities thereby adding pressure for the European economy and increase the risk of hollowing out the industrial core of the EU, which may amount to an existential threat to the EU’s future development; whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas China is blocking European market access and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have further titled the balance of risks and opportunities in the EU-China economic and trade relationship towards the former, decreasing space for genuine cooperation or fair competition; whereas the PRC not only opposes de-risking, but effectively tries to cement unilateral European dependency as core characteristic of EU-China relations;

Or. en

Amendment 185

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital I a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I a. whereas China is distorting global markets through state subsidies, price dumping and the politicisation of trade; whereas Chinese industrial policies based on massive overcapacities put European economy under enormous pressure and increase the risk for the industrial core of the EU, which is an existential threat the EU’s future development; whereas China is blocking access to its market and denies legal certainty to European businesses; whereas these hostile and unfair practices have further tilted the balance of risks and opportunities in the EU-China economic and trade relationship, decreasing space for genuine cooperation or fair competition;

Or. en

Amendment 186

Nathalie Loiseau, Lucia Yar, Petras Auštrevičius, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu

Motion for a resolution

Recital I a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I a. whereas Jian Guo, a parliamentary assistant to Maximilian Krah, an MEP from the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party from 2019 to 2024, was convicted in September 2025 for acting as an agent for a Chinese intelligence service; whereas Jian Guo was accused of passing on information about negotiations and decisions in the European Parliament, collecting personal information on AfD leadership and spying on Chinese opposition figures and dissidents;

Or. en

Amendment 187

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital I a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I a. whereas China’s increasingly assertive stance on the global stage has been illustrated by the statements made during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) security summit in Tianjin in August 2025; whereas the EU is concerned by China’s ambition to lead the establishment of a new world order challenging the rules-based international order;

Or. en

Amendment 188

Mika Aaltola

Motion for a resolution

Recital I a (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I a. New J. whereas China increasingly labels itself as a“near-Arctic state” and seeks influence in the Arctic through scientific cooperation, dual-use research, shipping corridors, raw material access, and investment in critical infrastructure; whereas the High North and the Arctic are key to European and transatlantic security;

Or. en

Amendment 189

Miriam Lexmann, Jan Farský, Danuše Nerudová, Tomáš Zdechovský, Mika Aaltola, Rasa Juknevičienė

Motion for a resolution

Recital I b (new)

Motion for a resolution	Amendment
	I b. whereas China has significantly expanded its dominance in the global mining, processing and refining of critical raw materials and intermediate products, creating strategic dependences along key value chains, which have been deliberately and repeatedly used as a tool of economic coercion; whereas restrictive measures of export controls of critical raw materials are a direct threat to European economy, especially the automotive, machinery and defence sectors;

Or. en