Sittings · Document

Draft report (2025/2082(INI)) 2025-09-10

Relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia

Committee on Foreign Affairs

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Amendment 1

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to its previous resolutions on Saudi Arabia, in particular those of 25 October 2018 on the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, of 8 July 2021 on the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, notably the cases of Mustafa Hashem al-Darwish and Abdullah al-Howaiti,

Or. en

Amendment 2

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard its previous resolutions and in particular the one of 11 February 2021 on the humanitarian and political situation in Yemen and of 8 July 2021 on the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, notably the cases of Mus-tafa Hashem al-Darwish and Abdullah al-Howaiti,

Or. en

Amendment 3

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),

Or. en

Amendment 4

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 c (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to the EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders,

Or. en

Amendment 5

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Citation 1 d (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime,

Or. en

Amendment 6

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Citation 4

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to the joint statement from the European Union-Gulf Cooperation Council Summit of 16 October 2024,

– having regard to the joint statement from the first EU-GCC Summit of 16 October 2024,

Or. en

Amendment 7

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Citation 5 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

– having regard to the cooperation arrangement of 3 October 2021 between the EEAS and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,

Or. en

Amendment 8

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

A. whereas Saudi Arabia is a key bilateral and regional partner for the EU;

A. whereas Saudi Arabia is a key bilateral and regional partner for the EU; whereas it would be important to deepen our relations towards a strategic partnership that aims to strengthen bilateral relations and promote cooperation in various sectors, including defense, culture and innovation, but above all energy;

Or. en

Amendment 9

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Recital A

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

A. whereas Saudi Arabia is a key bilateral and regional partner for the EU;

A. whereas Saudi Arabia has the potential to become a key bilateral and regional partner for the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 10

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Recital A a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

A a. whereas Saudi Arabia is a major global oil supplier and a key player in OPEC, and that energy imports are a crucial component of EU-Saudi trade;

Or. en

Amendment 11

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B a. whereas, over the last decade, Saudi Arabia and China have deepened their ties in the framework of the Vision 2030 and the Belt Road Initiative; whereas China has been the main purchaser of Saudi crude oil since 2019; whereas Saudi Arabia and China enhanced cooperation in the areas of foreign policy, security, energy, trade and technology through the establishment of a High-Level Joint Committee (HLJC) as well as subcommittees in 2016;

Or. en

Amendment 12

Engin Eroglu

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B a. whereas Saudi Arabia has become the largest recipient of Chinese Belt and Road investments, including in strategic infrastructure such as ports and digital networks; whereas China's growing economic footprint in the Kingdom could provide it with leverage that can be translated into political influence;

Or. en

Amendment 13

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B a. whereas EU is one of Saudi Arabia's main trading partners, with Saudi Arabia exporting mainly oil and petrochemical products to the EU, while the EU exports mainly machinery, electronic equipment, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to Saudi Arabia;

Or. en

Amendment 14

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B a. whereas human rights organisations have expressed serious concerns over the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund’s (PIF) facilitating and profiting from human rights abuses;

Or. en

Amendment 15

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Recital B a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B a. whereas serious concerns have been expressed over the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund’s (PIF) links to human rights abuses;

Or. en

Amendment 16

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Recital B b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

B b. whereas Saudi Arabia is strengthening its relations with India, notably through the project of the India-Middle East-Europe economic corridor (IMEC) aiming at improving connectivity between Asia and Europe through the Arabian peninsula;

Or. en

Amendment 17

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is expanding its role as a regional broker and international player;

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is expanding its role as a regional broker and international player, and it is key that it does so in full adherence to and promotion of human rights and international law;

Or. en

Amendment 18

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is expanding its role as a regional broker and international player;

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is expanding its role as a regional broker and international player and it is key that it does so in full adherence to and promotion of human rights and international law;

Or. en

Amendment 19

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Recital C

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is expanding its role as a regional broker and international player;

C. whereas Saudi Arabia is further consolidating its status as a trusted regional mediator and key global actor;

Or. en

Amendment 20

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

C a. whereas Saudi Arabia has executed at least 241 people in 2025 as of August 5, and 345 people in 2024; whereas between November 2022 and December 2024, at least 214 people were executed for drug-related convictions; whereas the total number of executions has been steadily rising in recent years, contrary to the repeated pledges of Saudi authorities;

Or. en

Amendment 21

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital C a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

C a. whereas there are reports of the Russian ‘shadow fleet’ of oil tankers forging closer ties between Russia and Saudi Arabia thereby helping Russia evade sanctions;

Or. en

Amendment 22

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D. whereas Saudi Arabia is enhancing dialogue and cooperation with the EU on human rights;

D. whereas Saudi Arabia is enhancing dialogue and cooperation with the EU on human rights; whereas there are still many concerns regarding Saudi Arabia’s record on human rights, in particular the rights of women, labour rights or freedom of expression, and Saudi contravention of international human rights laws; whereas Saudi Arabia’s penal code criminalises freedom of expression; whereas in recent years the Saudi authorities have escalated their brutal crackdown on individuals using online spaces to voice their opinions, often denying them fair legal representation, due process and trials;

Or. en

Amendment 23

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Recital D

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D. whereas Saudi Arabia is enhancing dialogue and cooperation with the EU on human rights;

D. whereas Saudi Arabia is enhancing dialogue and cooperation with the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 24

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has expressed concerns regarding entrenched discriminatory practices, harassment of female activists, and the broader impact of punitive measures, including the use of the death penalty;

Or. en

Amendment 25

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas the next EU-GCC Summit set to take place in Riyadh in 2026 will be key to further broadening the scope of EU-Saudi relations and enhancing cooperation on crucial issues of mutual interest;

Or. en

Amendment 26

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas promoting respect of human rights and international law in foreign policy, including trade, is a treaty obligation for the European Union, enshrined in Art. 3 and 21 TEU;

Or. en

Amendment 27

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas the protection of human rights constitutes a treaty obligation for EU foreign policy, including trade, as enshrined in Articles 3 and 21 of the Treaty on European Union;

Or. en

Amendment 28

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas promoting respect of human rights and international law in foreign policy, including trade, is a treaty obligation for the European Union, enshrined in Art. 3 and 21 TEU;

Or. en

Amendment 29

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Recital D a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D a. whereas promoting respect of human rights and international law in foreign policy, including trade, is a treaty obligation for the European Union, enshrined in Art. 3 and 21 TEU;

Or. en

Amendment 30

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D b. whereas Saudi Arabia is organising 2 big international events, the EXPO 2030 and the 2034 FIFA World Cup, which require an enormous amount of migrant workers whose rights needs to be respected and uphold; whereas civil society organisations denounce a cruel treatment of migrant workers who have minimal to no rights; whereas Saudi authorities fail to adequately protect workers from preventable deaths, investigate workplace safety incidents, erroneously labelling work-related deaths as ‘natural’, and ensure timely and adequate compensations; whereas the organisation and hosting of these events will further excruciate Saudi Arabia’s respect for human rights; whereas robust and comprehensive protection should be put in place for them and a minimal wage guaranteed;

Or. en

Amendment 31

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Recital D b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

D b. whereas Saudi Arabia has recently deepened security and economic ties with the United States, while also pursuing membership in BRICS, reflecting its dual alignment with both Western and multipolar blocs; whereas this poses new challenges and opportunities for EU strategic autonomy;

Or. en

Amendment 32

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

1. Highlights the positive engagement between the EU and the Gulf Cooperation Council during the EU-Gulf Cooperation Council summit; affirms that the EU aims to boost bilateral ties with each Gulf Cooperation Council partner through SPAs that would address the current lack of a legally binding framework for bilateral relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia, unlocking the potential for deeper and broader cooperation in areas such as security, trade, energy, climate, research, innovation, artificial intelligence, connectivity, digital governance, education, culture, research, youth and people-to-people contact;

Or. en

Amendment 33

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 34

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

1. Highlights the positive engagement between the EU and the Gulf Cooperation Council during the first EU-GCC summit; affirms that the EU aims to boost bilateral ties with each Gulf Cooperation Council partner through SPAs that would address the current lack of a legally binding framework for bilateral relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia, unlocking the potential deeper an broader cooperation in areas such as foreign and security policy, justice and law enforcement, trade and investment, energy and climate, digital transformation, environment, research and innovation, artificial intelligence, connectivity, digital governance, education, culture, youth and people-to-people contact;

Or. en

Amendment 35

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

1. Highlights the positive engagement between the EU and the Gulf Cooperation Council, as two of the leading actors in the enlarged Mediterranean, during the EU-Gulf Cooperation Council summit; affirms that the EU aims to boost bilateral ties with each Gulf Cooperation Council partner through SPAs that would address the current lack of a legally binding framework for bilateral relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia, unlocking the potential for deeper and broader cooperation in areas such as security, trade, energy, climate, research, innovation, artificial intelligence, connectivity, digital governance, education, culture, research, youth and people-to-people contact;

Or. en

Amendment 36

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

1 a. Expresses its support for the Council Decision authorising the European Commission and the High Representative to commence negotiations on the establishment of a Strategic Partnership with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; recognises that this initiative represents a pivotal opportunity to advance the Union’s strategic interests, foster regional stability, and enhance cooperation in the areas of energy and security; calls for strong and active engagement by both parties throughout the negotiation process with a view to ensuring its swift and timely conclusion;

Or. en

Amendment 37

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 1 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

1 b. Underlines that while Saudi Arabia remains a key global actor in conventional energy markets, it has also embarked on an ambitious path of diversification and sustainability, with world-leading investments in renewable energy, notably large-scale solar and hydrogen projects; notes that Saudi Arabia now ranks among the world’s top 10 energy storage markets, further advancing its leadership in renewable energy 1a; stresses that, for the EU, closer cooperation with Saudi Arabia offers the potential to strengthen energy security and diversify supply sources; highlights that harnessing Saudi Arabia’s vast solar potential together with the EU’s advanced renewable technologies can enable joint initiatives in green hydrogen, sustainable fuels, and next-generation energy infrastructure, thereby fostering innovation, and positioning both partners as global leaders in renewable energy partnerships10a;

_________________

1a https://www.moenergy.gov.sa/en/media-center/news/saudi-arabia-ranks-among-worlds-top-10-energy-storage-markets-advancing-leadership-renewable-energy

10a https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/in-full/saudi-arabia/; https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/KSA_BTR1_20250320-2.pdf;

Or. en

Amendment 38

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 2

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

2. Highlights Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy;

2. Highlights Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy, as well in the contrast of radicalization and in counter-terrorism;

Or. en

Amendment 39

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 2

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

2. Highlights Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy;

2. Underlines the high degree of alignment and cooperation between Saudi Arabia and the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy;

Or. en

Amendment 40

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 2

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

2. Highlights Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy;

2. Highlights Saudi Arabia’s cooperation with the EU in the fields of foreign and security policy and counterterrorism;

Or. en

Amendment 41

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Welcomes the potential for further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship; stresses that this cooperation must not, however, lead to takeovers of EU firms operating in strategic sectors, as illustrated by the recent operations of Saudi Arabia's sovereign fund;

Or. fr

Amendment 42

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Notes the potential for further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship; expresses its concern about the PIF’s documented links with human rights abuses, and stresses that businesses should conduct human rights due diligence when considering economic activities directly or indirectly involving the PIF;

Or. en

Amendment 43

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Notes the potential for further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship; is concerned about the PIF’s documented links with human rights abuses, and stresses that there must be thorough due diligence when considering economic or business deals directly or indirectly involving the PIF;

Or. en

Amendment 44

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Welcomes the potential for further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship; stresses that there must be thorough due diligence when considering economic or business deals directly or indirectly involving the Public Investment Fund, given the reports of its links to human rights abuses;

Or. en

Amendment 45

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 46

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Underlines the potential for further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship;

Or. en

Amendment 47

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3. Encourages further EU-Saudi Arabia economic collaboration in the area of sustainable energy, critical raw materials, information technology, and entrepreneurship, noting that economic cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia is the cornerstone of the bilateral relationship;

Or. en

Amendment 48

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3a. Notes that Saudi Arabia could become a key partner in combating illegal immigration and managing migratory flows from the Middle East, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia;

Or. fr

Amendment 49

Davor Ivo Stier

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 3 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

3 a. Stresses that deepening EU-Saudi cooperation in energy and trade should enhance the EU's strategic autonomy by diversifying reliable supply sources;

Or. en

Amendment 50

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 4

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

4. Reaffirms that the EU is committed to supporting Saudi Arabia’s pursuit of socio-economic diversification and reform, including the promotion of sustainable development;

4. Reaffirms that the EU is committed to supporting Saudi Arabia’s pursuit of socio-economic diversification and reform, including the promotion of sustainable development through diversification of its sources of energy supply, including nuclear energy;

Or. fr

Amendment 51

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them;

5. Notes that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them; emphasises the risks that visa-free travel poses, for example an increase in asylum applications, not least when it comes to non-democratic countries like Saudi Arabia and security risks linked to terrorism and extremism;

Or. sv

Amendment 52

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them;

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them; which could be assessed in the context of the new EU Visa Strategy;

Or. en

Amendment 53

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them;

5. Stresses that any discussion of a visa-free travel arrangement with the GCC countries must be strictly conditional upon effective guarantees on security, management of migration into the Union and measures to combat any foreign interference;

Or. fr

Amendment 54

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the five remaining GCC countries, so as to ensure equal treatment of them;

5. Reaffirms that the EU remains committed to advancing a safe, mutually beneficial visa-free travel arrangement with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

Or. en

Amendment 55

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5 a. Notes the significant economic importance of Saudi tourists for the Member States of the European Union, particularly in supporting key sectors such as hospitality, retail, and cultural industries; underlines that Saudi citizens do not represent a source of irregular migration pressure8a and therefore calls for the introduction of a Schengen visa waiver to facilitate tourism, enhance people-to-people exchanges, and further strengthen economic and cultural ties between the EU and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

_________________

8a https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/d22b298f-18db-48b1-bb53-cc4114bc40b3_en

Or. en

Amendment 56

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5 a. Encourages stronger partnerships between EU and Saudi educational and research entities, including via programs as Erasmus Mundus and Horizon Europe; stresses the importance of creating the necessary conditions for increased student mobility; highlights how enhancing exchange opportunities amongst the youth will significantly contribute to consolidating the relationship between the EU, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region as a whole;

Or. en

Amendment 57

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5 a. Welcomes Saudi Arabia's designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation and recent efforts by the United States to take similar measures; calls on the EU and Member States to urgently follow suit and designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation;

Or. en

Amendment 58

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5 b. Calls for the EU to further facilitate regulatory cooperation, which will aid Saudi efforts toward establishing rules and procedures for successful diversification and reform;

Or. en

Amendment 59

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 5 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

5 b. Welcomes the Abraham Accords brokered by the United States and calls on Saudi Arabia to join them without delay;

Or. en

Amendment 60

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of Israel’s military operation in Gaza as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor and its significant contributions to regional and global stability, particularly in the context of the current war in Gaza as well as with regard to recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

Or. en

Amendment 61

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Dan Barna

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of Israel’s military operation in Gaza after the 7 October Hamas terror attack that killed about 1,200 people and resulted in more than 250 hostages being taken, as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, and the Red Sea;

Or. en

Amendment 62

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of the war in Gaza, as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan, and not least in view of the increase in terrorist attacks in the region;

Or. sv

Amendment 63

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of mounting evidence of Israel’s committing of genocide in Gaza as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

Or. en

Amendment 64

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Stresses Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of Israel’s military operation in Gaza as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

Or. en

Amendment 65

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

Or. en

Amendment 66

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s growing importance as a diplomatic actor contributing to international stability, particularly in the context of the crisis in Gaza as well as during recent developments in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, the Red Sea and Sudan;

Or. en

Amendment 67

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6 a. Recognises the efforts made by Saudi Arabia, and certain Arab States, and Israel to normalise diplomatic relations under the Abraham Accords; calls on the EU to support initiatives aimed at building broad regional and international backing for a better future in Arab-Israeli relations;

Or. en

Amendment 68

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6 a. Highlights that Saudi Arabia's foreign policy is influenced by a combination of strategic, religious, economic, and security factors, with the main objectives of maintaining stability, expanding its regional influence, and protecting the kingdom's energy and geopolitical interests;

Or. en

Amendment 69

Engin Eroglu

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 6 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

6 a. Stresses that enhanced cooperation with Saudi Arabia should also serve to strengthen shared commitments to peace, stability, and to safeguard the multilateral rules-based system from systemic rivals;

Or. en

Amendment 70

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 7

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

7. Calls for stronger foreign and security cooperation in the light of regional escalations; highlights that both the joint communication on a Strategic Partnership with the Gulf and the future SPA have called for stronger cooperation in political and security fields; stresses that such cooperation must be based on a genuine and shared commitment to the respect for international law, including human rights, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter;

Or. en

Amendment 71

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 7

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

7. Calls for stronger foreign and security cooperation in the light of regional escalations; highlights that both the joint communication on a Strategic Partnership with the Gulf and the future SPA have called for stronger cooperation in political and security fields; stresses that such cooperation must be based on a genuinely shared commitment to respect international law, including human rights, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter;

Or. en

Amendment 72

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 7

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

7. Calls for stronger foreign and security cooperation in the light of regional escalations; highlights that both the joint communication on a Strategic Partnership with the Gulf and the future SPA have called for stronger cooperation in political and security fields; stresses that such cooperation must be based on a shared commitment to respect international law, including human rights, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter;

Or. en

Amendment 73

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 7 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

7 a. Highlights the important diplomatic role of Saudi Arabia, notably in supporting de-escalation in Yemen, strengthening maritime security in the Red Sea, hosting talks on Ukraine, and facilitating dialogue on Sudan, thereby contributing constructively to regional and international stability;

Or. en

Amendment 74

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation;

8. Takes note of EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation which must be conducted in line with international human rights standards; expresses concern over Saudi Arabia's use of counter-terrorism laws to silence activists and suppress dissent, as evidenced by the ongoing arrests of Saudi citizens on terrorism charges for engaging in peaceful social media activity;

Or. en

Amendment 75

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation;

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation; underlines that any cooperation on combating terrorism and radicalisation must include special measures to monitor the spread of Wahhabite extremist doctrines, still broadly associated with Saudi Arabia;

Or. fr

Amendment 76

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation;

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation; which must be conducted in line with international human rights standards;

Or. en

Amendment 77

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation;

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation; stresses the importance of far-reaching EU-Saudi alignment in these fields;

Or. en

Amendment 78

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation;

8. Calls on Saudi Arabia to continue EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation on counterterrorism and prevention of radicalisation; which must be conducted in line with international human rights standards;

Or. en

Amendment 79

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s efforts to encourage de-escalation in relation to Israel’s military operation in Gaza, its support for humanitarian assistance, and its calls for a ceasefire and the release of hostages; expresses its deepest concern over the threat of further military escalation in the Gaza Strip, and protests against all violations of international law in this conflict including all statements envisaging territorial or demographic changes in the area; calls for immediate and effective international action to ease the intolerable humanitarian situation in Gaza against the backdrop of the blockade enacted by the Israeli government that prevents humanitarian aid from reaching the civilian population living in inhumane conditions; calls for an immediate and lasting cessation of violence; demands the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining Israeli hostages; continues to call for proactive EU diplomatic efforts to work towards a permanent ceasefire;

Or. en

Amendment 80

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s efforts to stabilise the Middle East, encourage de-escalation in relation to the Israel-Hamas conflict, its support for humanitarian assistance, the release of all hostages still held in Gaza and an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; underlines that Saudi Arabia’s credibility as a peace-broker could also make it a valuable contributor to future efforts aimed at stabilising the Palestinian territories;

Or. en

Amendment 81

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s condemnation of the Hamas attack on Israel on 7 October, its efforts to encourage de-escalation in relation to Israel’s military operation in Gaza, its support for humanitarian assistance, and its calls for a ceasefire and the release of hostages; welcomes the fact that Saudi Arabia was clearly part of the League of Arab States’ declaration demanding that Hamas disarm, release all hostages and relinquish control over Gaza;

Or. sv

Amendment 82

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Dan Barna

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s efforts to encourage de-escalation in relation to Israel’s military operation in Gaza after the 7 October Hamas terror attack that killed about 1,200 people and resulted in more than 250 hostages being taken, its support for humanitarian assistance, and its calls for a ceasefire and the release of hostages;

Or. en

Amendment 83

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s efforts towards providing humanitarian assistance, reaching a lasting ceasefire in Gaza and the release of all Israeli hostages held by Hamas; commends Saudi Arabia`s active commitment to a sustainable peace and a two-state solution in accordance with international law;

Or. en

Amendment 84

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s efforts to encourage de-escalation in relation to the mounting evidence of Israel’s committing of genocide in Gaza, its support for humanitarian assistance, and its calls for a ceasefire and the release of hostages;

Or. en

Amendment 85

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s efforts to encourage de-escalation in relation to the current crisis in Gaza, its support for humanitarian assistance, and its calls for a ceasefire and the release of hostages held by Hamas;

Or. en

Amendment 86

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9 a. Welcomes the New York declaration issued at the conclusion of the High-level International Conference for the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution, held from 28-30 July 2025, co-chaired by Saudi Arabia and France; reaffirms the European Parliament’s commitment to a negotiated Two-State Solution on the basis of the 1967 borders with Israel and Palestine as democratic and sovereign neighbours with Jerusalem as their shared capital - living side-by side in peace and security, as the only viable path to lasting peace and stability in the Middle East; reiterates that there can be no prospect for peace, security and stability for Gaza as well as for reconciliation between the Israeli and Palestinian population as long as Hamas plays a role in the Gaza strip;

Or. en

Amendment 87

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 9 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

9 a. Calls on Saudi Arabia to further pursue normalization efforts with Israel;

Or. en

Amendment 88

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 10

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

10. Commends Saudi Arabia’s sustained engagement on Syria, including regional consultations aimed at stabilisation and post-conflict recovery; stresses the importance of preserving the territorial integrity of Syria; calls for enhanced cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia to ensure a peaceful and inclusive transition in Syria and to protect Christians and all minority communities in Syria, guaranteeing their safety, religious freedom as well as the protection of their cultural heritage;

Or. en

Amendment 89

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 10

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

10. Commends Saudi Arabia’s substantial diplomatic and financial outreach in Syria, including through regional consultations as well as broader stabilisation and reconstruction efforts; calls on Saudi Arabia and its partners in the region to assist the transitional Syrian government in establishing a durable and inclusive political and security architecture; stresses the importance of preserving Syria`s sovereignty and territorial integrity;

Or. en

Amendment 90

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 10

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

10. Underlines Saudi Arabia’s sustained engagement on Syria, including regional consultations aimed at stabilisation and post-conflict recovery; stresses the importance of preserving the territorial integrity of Syria; points out that the current regime's political stance undermines regional security and the situation of religious minorities in the Middle East;

Or. fr

Amendment 91

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 10 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

10 a. Calls on Saudi Arabia to increase funding for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) to support its vital role in providing humanitarian and essential services to Palestinian refugees, particularly in light of the Israeli campaign against the agency, and to compensate some donor countries’ suspension of their contributions;

Or. en

Amendment 92

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

11. Reaffirms the EU’s support for Lebanon’s political and socio-economic reconstruction and highlights the importance of EU-Saudi Arabian cooperation in implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006), supporting the Lebanese Armed Forces, and promoting the disarmament of Hezbollah, while condemning Israel Defense Forces attacks;

11. Reaffirms the EU’s support for Lebanon’s political and socio-economic reconstruction and highlights the importance of EU-Saudi cooperation in implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006); welcomes the efforts by the Lebanese Government and calls for Hezbollah`s full and unconditional disarmament by the end of 2025 in accordance with the latest US-brokered roadmap; reiterates the importance of respecting Lebanon`s sovereignty and territorial integrity;

Or. en

Amendment 93

Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Dan Barna

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 94

Arkadiusz Mularczyk

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 95

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 96

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 97

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 12

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

12. Recognises Saudi Arabia’s constructive approach amid the current regional tensions, through its path towards diplomatic normalisation with Iran, and highlights the shared EU-Saudi Arabian stance against Iranian proxies and the development of an Iranian nuclear programme;

Or. en

Amendment 98

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 12

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

12. Recognises Saudi Arabia’s constructive role amid current regional tensions, increased Saudi-UAE cooperation, and gradual diplomatic normalisation with Iran; highlights EU-Saudi alignment in containing Iranian proxies and halting the further development of Iran`s nuclear programme;

Or. en

Amendment 99

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 13

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

13. Highlights the shared EU-Saudi Arabian priority of establishing lasting peace in Yemen, and commends Saudi Arabia’s continued commitment to achieving an inclusive political solution in Yemen;

13. Highlights that Saudi Arabia has changed its foreign policy towards Yemen from military intervention, causing at least 375,000 deaths - mostly through starvation caused by Saudi Arabia´s naval blockade of Yemen -, widespread destruction and an ongoing humanitarian crisis, to diplomacy, following international pressure as well as Saudi-Iranian rapprochement; encourages an increase in EU and Saudi humanitarian aid to Yemen and joint efforts to counteract the targeting of aid workers;

Or. en

Amendment 100

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 13

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

13. Highlights the shared EU-Saudi Arabian priority of establishing lasting peace in Yemen, and commends Saudi Arabia’s continued commitment to achieving an inclusive political solution in Yemen;

13. Highlights the shared EU-Saudi Arabian priority of establishing lasting peace in Yemen, and commends Saudi Arabia’s continued commitment to achieving an inclusive political solution in Yemen; calls on Saudi Arabia to support an independent international investigative mechanism into violations of international humanitarian law by its forces, including the violations of the Saudi and UAE-led coalition in Yemen between 2015 and 2022 and the mass killings of Ethiopian migrants at the Yemeni–Saudi border between March 2022 and June 2023;

Or. en

Amendment 101

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 13 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

13 a. Calls for Saudi Arabia to support a joint, independent international investigative mechanism into violations of international humanitarian law by its forces, including the violations of the Saudi and UAE-led coalition in Yemen between 2015 and 2022 and the mass killings of Ethiopian migrants at the Yemeni–Saudi border and stresses the need to ensure that justice is delivered to victims of these abuses, including providing adequate reparations;

Or. en

Amendment 102

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 13 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 103

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 15

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

15. Stresses the EU’s unwavering commitment to ensuring the protection of maritime routes and international navigational rights in the Red Sea; highlights Saudi Arabia’s intelligence cooperation with EU Member States participating in EUNAVFOR Aspides; underlines that Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf countries must play a leading role in ensuring that the maritime routes crossing their territorial waters are safe;

Or. fr

Amendment 104

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 15

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

15. Stresses the EU’s unwavering commitment to ensuring the protection of maritime routes and international navigational rights in the Red Sea; highlights Saudi Arabia’s commitment to maritime security and calls for closer political and intelligence cooperation with EU Member States participating in EUNAVFOR Aspides;

Or. en

Amendment 105

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 15

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 106

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 16

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

16. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s involvement in hosting the Ukraine war ceasefire negotiations;

16. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s involvement in hosting the Ukraine war ceasefire negotiations; urges Saudi Arabia to closer cooperate with its partners in supporting sanctions against the Russian Federation and take measures to help put an end to the activity of the Russian shadow fleet;

Or. en

Amendment 107

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 17

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

17. Notes Saudi Arabia’s USD 600 billion commitment to invest in the United States, including a defence agreement and strategic cooperation on emerging technologies;

deleted

Or. en

Amendment 108

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 17

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

17. Notes Saudi Arabia’s USD 600 billion commitment to invest in the United States, including a defence agreement and strategic cooperation on emerging technologies;

17. Notes Saudi Arabia’s USD 600 billion commitment to invest in the United States, including a defence agreement and strategic cooperation on emerging technologies; stresses that it is vital for the EU to maintain its own strategic autonomy and defend its economic and technological interests in view of this development;

Or. fr

Amendment 109

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 18

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

18. Recognises Saudi Arabia’s role in multilateral cooperation, including its growing engagement in Africa, in particular the Sahel, and Asia;

18. Recognises Saudi Arabia’s role in fostering multilateral cooperation, including through its growing engagement in Africa, in particular the Sahel, and Asia; calls for closer EU-Saudi coordination on energy cooperation, cross-regional infrastructure development, capacity building, human capital development, financial instruments and investment mechanisms across the African continent; stresses the importance of integrating Saudi-led projects with EU frameworks, including the Global Gateway Initiative;

Or. en

Amendment 110

Davor Ivo Stier

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 19

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

19. Notes that Saudi Arabia has been formally invited to become a member of the BRICS group of countries;

19. Notes that Saudi Arabia has been formally invited to become a member of the BRICS group of countries; notes that Saudi Arabia's outreach to BRICS reflects a trend toward diversified alliances, and calls on the EU to engage constructively with Saudi on multilateral forums to protect mutual trade and investment interests;

Or. en

Amendment 111

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 19

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

19. Notes that Saudi Arabia has been formally invited to become a member of the BRICS group of countries;

19. Notes with concern that Saudi Arabia has been formally invited to become a member of the BRICS group of countries;

Or. en

Amendment 112

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20. Notes the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields;

deleted

Or. en

Amendment 113

Alice Teodorescu Måwe

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20. Notes the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields;

20. Notes the strengthening of bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and Türkiye, particularly in the fields of security and defence; calls on Saudi Arabia to use that relationship to persuade Türkiye to make a constructive contribution to the Middle East peace process by recognising Hamas as a terrorist organisation and ending political, economic and logistical support;

Or. sv

Amendment 114

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20. Notes the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields;

20. Regrets the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields; recalls that Türkiye supported the transition to a brutal regime in Syria that repeatedly abuses religious minorities;

Or. fr

Amendment 115

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20. Notes the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields;

20. Notes with concern the strengthening of Saudi Arabian-Türkiye bilateral relations, particularly in security and defence fields;

Or. en

Amendment 116

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20 a. Stresses that, while developing new partnerships, Saudi Arabia should ensure that its policies remain consistent with the interests and values shared with its historic partners, notably the EU and its Member States;

Or. en

Amendment 117

Arkadiusz Mularczyk

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20 a. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s consistent position vis-a-vis the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization and calls on the EU and its Member States to follow suit and recognize the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization;

Or. en

Amendment 118

Arkadiusz Mularczyk

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 20 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

20 b. Encourages the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to join the Abraham Accords in order to promote regional stability and its normalization of relations with Israel;

Or. en

Amendment 119

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 21

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

21. Welcomes Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 plans, outlining meaningful socio-economic reform to modernise the country and its institutions, as well as to diversify the economy;

21. Notes Saudi Arabia’s ambitious Vision 2030 plans, outlining meaningful socio-economic reform to modernise the country and its institutions, as well as to diversify the economy;

Or. fr

Amendment 120

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 21 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

21 a. Welcomes the approach of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the leadership of King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud in promoting tolerance and moving away from restrictive religious policies; notes the direct link between tolerance and sustainable economic growth, underlining that openness and inclusiveness foster conditions for innovation, investment and social progress; considers that Saudi Arabia’s ongoing reforms provide an important example for the wider region, demonstrating how tolerance can serve both as a foundation for stability and as a driver of prosperity;

Or. en

Amendment 121

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 21 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

21 b. Highlights the commitment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the energy transition, recalling its pledge to reach net zero by 2060 and to produce 50% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030; welcomes in this context the flagship project to produce 4 million tonnes of clean hydrogen annually by 2030, demonstrating Saudi Arabia’s ambition to position itself as a leading global supplier of clean hydrogen1a;

_________________

1a https://www.sgi.gov.sa/saudi-global-climate-impact/

Or. en

Amendment 122

Arkadiusz Mularczyk

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22. Calls for Saudi Arabia to reshape its energy landscape and move towards renewable energy and green hydrogen as part of its Vision 2030 plans; notes that the EU stands ready to collaborate with its Saudi Arabian counterparts on projects advancing the environmental goals of both regions;

deleted

Or. en

Amendment 123

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22. Calls for Saudi Arabia to reshape its energy landscape and move towards renewable energy and green hydrogen as part of its Vision 2030 plans; supports the UN experts’ call on Saudi Arabia to halt its plans to expand crude oil production, as well as its plans to explore further oil and gas reserves to increase production capacity, which contribute to the risk of overshoot of the 1.5C carbon budget and increased climate change-related human rights impacts, contrary to their own human rights responsibilities; urges Aramco to release key information on its overall emissions and the carbon intensity of its crude oil production; notes that the EU stands ready to collaborate with its Saudi Arabian counterparts on projects advancing the environmental goals of both regions;

Or. en

Amendment 124

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 125

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22. Calls for Saudi Arabia to reshape its energy landscape and move towards renewable energy and green hydrogen as part of its Vision 2030 plans; supports the UN experts’ call on Saudi Arabia to halt its plan to expand crude oil production as it would be incompatible with the commitments under the Paris Agreement; notes that the EU stands ready to collaborate with its Saudi Arabian counterparts on projects advancing the environmental goals of both regions;

Or. en

Amendment 126

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22. Calls for Saudi Arabia to reshape its energy landscape and move towards renewable energy, including nuclear energy, which is a technology that EU Member States fully understand, from both a technological and a commercial perspective;

Or. fr

Amendment 127

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22 a. Underlines Saudi Arabia`s role as an increasingly important player in mineral supply chains and its efforts to align with international best practices; stresses how broadening the scope of EU-Saudi cooperation in this realm will be key to further consolidating the EU`s de-risking strategy and its quest to diversify its raw material supply;

Or. en

Amendment 128

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22 a. Deplores that while the kingdom announced its ambition to generate half of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 Saudi Arabia has hitherto not implemented any policies that would substantially bring down its greenhouse gas emissions and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels;

Or. en

Amendment 129

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 22 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

22 b. Notes with concern that at COP29 Saudi Arabia opposed global commitments to phase out fossil fuels, undermining the achievement of the Paris Agreement targets; stresses that EU-Saudi cooperation must be conditional on credible climate action plans with binding implementation measures;

Or. en

Amendment 130

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 23

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

23. Recognises that Saudi Arabia has made considerable progress in tackling its high youth unemployment rate, lowering it from 35.01 % in 2006 to 16 % by 2023; recommends that Saudi Arabia continue to prioritise this issue;

23. Recognises that Saudi Arabia has made progress in tackling its high youth unemployment rate, lowering it from 35.01 % in 2006 to 16 % by 2023; recommends that Saudi Arabia continue to prioritise this issue;

Or. en

Amendment 131

Željana Zovko

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 23 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

23 a. Commends the positive curriculum reforms carried out in Saudi Arabia, notably the removal of antisemitic and anti-Christian content; encourages Saudi Arabia to continue these reforms;

Or. en

Amendment 132

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Highlights the significant progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding female empowerment, as female workforce participation has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without male guardianship; notes, however, that several Saudi women's rights activists remain imprisoned or under severe restrictions in Saudi Arabia; calls on the Saudi authorities to release Manahel al-Otaibi and Salma al-Shehab and lift the travel bans and administrative restrictions against Loujain al-Hathloul, Mariam al-Otaibi and Fawzia al-Otaibi;

Or. en

Amendment 133

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Highlights the progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding women´s rights, as women´s participation in the workforce has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without permission of a male guardian; notes that significant challenges remain, including in the Personal Status Law, specifically regarding child marriage, marital rape, and discrimination against women in marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, and property rights; denounces the situation of Saudi women’s rights activists who campaigned for the right to drive and the end of the male guardianship system as they continue to be punished and targeted by Saudi authorities through travel bans;

Or. en

Amendment 134

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Highlights the significant progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding female empowerment, as female workforce participation has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without male guardianship but notes that significant challenges remain, including in the Personal Status Law, specifically regarding child marriage, marital rape, and discrimination against women in marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, and property rights;

Or. en

Amendment 135

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Highlights the significant progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding female empowerment, as female workforce participation has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without male guardianship but notes that significant challenges remain, including in the Personal Status Law, specifically regarding child marriage, marital rape, and discrimination against women in marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, and property rights;

Or. en

Amendment 136

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Notes the significant progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding female empowerment, as female workforce participation has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without male guardianship;

Or. fr

Amendment 137

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 24

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

24. Highlights the progress Saudi Arabia has made regarding female empowerment, as female workforce participation has risen to 36 % and women have been granted the right to drive and to travel without male guardianship;

Or. en

Amendment 138

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034;

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034 and expresses serious concern that despite announced reforms migrant workers continue to face widespread abuses under the kafala system, some of which may amount to situations of forced labour; acknowledges the reforms introduced under the Labour Reform Initiative (LRI), while urging Saudi Arabia to fully abolish the kafala system in law and practice by eliminating employer control over workers’ mobility - including exit and job change -, guarantee workers’ rights to strike, collective bargaining, and free association, prevent the forcible eviction of residents, and stop the repression of human rights defenders in connection with these events; calls on Saudi Arabia to ensure all migrant workers, including domestic workers, have access to justice and effective mechanisms to hold abusive employers accountable;

Or. en

Amendment 139

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034;

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034; is deeply concerned about the high death rate of migrants in workplace-related accidents in Saudi Arabia; calls on Saudi Arabia to dismantle the Kafala system and to guarantee the rights to strike, collective bargaining, and free association; urges Saudi Arabia to remove all requirements for migrant workers to obtain employers’ consent to exit the country and change jobs; is concerned that the World Cup will be used as a sportswashing exercise rather than a genuine opportunity to implement necessary labour law reforms;

Or. en

Amendment 140

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034;

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034 and is seriously concerned about documentation of migrant workers facing widespread abuses under the Kafala system despite announced reforms, some of which may amount to situations of forced labour, and calls on Saudi Arabia to dismantle the system in full and guarantee workers’ rights to strike, collective bargaining, and free association;

Or. en

Amendment 141

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034;

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034; relies on the capacity of the government to guarantee workers’ rights to free association;

Or. en

Amendment 142

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034;

25. Notes that Saudi Arabia has launched a series of ambitious infrastructure projects ahead of it hosting EXPO 2030 and the FIFA World Cup 2034 and stresses that many concerns remain regarding the treatment and rights of workers;

Or. en

Amendment 143

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25 a. Urges Saudi Arabia, in the interim, to remove all requirements for migrant workers to obtain employers’ consent to exit the country and change jobs;

Or. en

Amendment 144

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25 a. Urges Saudi Arabia, in the interim, to remove all requirements for migrant workers to obtain employers’ consent to exit the country and change jobs;

Or. en

Amendment 145

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25 b. Urges Saudi Arabia to strengthen due diligence and monitoring of hiring companies to ensure they cover all the costs and fees related to workers recruitment and create a fund for reimbursement of illegal recruitment fees for workers; calls on Saudi Arabia to introduce a non-discriminatory living minimum wage and ensure access to remedy for all forms of migrant worker wage theft that enables unpaid workers to receive their unpaid wages and benefits;

Or. en

Amendment 146

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 25 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

25 b. Urges Saudi Arabia to strengthen due diligence and monitoring of hiring companies to ensure they cover all the costs and fees related to workers recruitment and create a fund for reimbursement of illegal recruitment fees for workers; to introduce a non-discriminatory living minimum wage and ensure access to remedy for all forms of migrant worker wage theft that enables unpaid workers to receive their unpaid wages and benefits;

Or. en

Amendment 147

Engin Eroglu

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

26. Recognises the opportunity for EU-Saudi Arabian collaboration within the EU-GCC Strategic Partnership and through the EU's Global Gateway Initiative on the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Initiative, which is expected to lead investments in electricity cables, undersea telecommunications and data cables, as well as pipelines for green hydrogen and welcomes the USA’s participation; urges addressing IMEC’s financing gap through EU, US, and Gulf investments, and promote sustainable infrastructure development;

Or. en

Amendment 148

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

26. Recognises the opportunity for EU-Saudi Arabian collaboration on the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Initiative, which is expected to lead investments in electricity cables, undersea telecommunications and data cables, as well as pipelines for green hydrogen, but notes the need to develop and implement a policy on human rights due diligence in consultation with relevant rightsholders such as independent workers unions and other stakeholders and aligned with UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights;

Or. en

Amendment 149

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 150

Adam Bielan

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

26. Recognises the opportunity and the converging interests for EU-Saudi Arabian collaboration on the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Initiative, which is expected to lead investments in electricity cables, undersea telecommunications and data cables, as well as pipelines for green hydrogen;

Or. en

Amendment 151

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

26 a. Emphasises the strategic importance of the IMEC corridor as a transformative driver of regional connectivity, economic integration, and geopolitical cooperation; notes the potential to broaden collaboration on strategic digital infrastructure, including diversified and secure data routes linking the Gulf and Europe with the shared objective of enhancing Europe’s digital resilience, data security, and connectivity with Asia and Africa;

Or. en

Amendment 152

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 26 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

26 a. Recognises the ongoing efforts by the European Chamber of Commerce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (ECCKSA) to foster collaboration between European companies and Saudi Arabia on transport and logistics infrastructure;

Or. en

Amendment 153

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27. Calls for closer cooperation and scrutiny between the EU and Saudi Arabia on human rights; welcomes the EU-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Rights Dialogues led by the Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia and the European Commission, with the fourth Dialogue having been held in Riyadh in December 2024; stresses that this and all other human rights dialogues the EU holds should aim at securing concrete, measurable, timebound human rights progress, including human rights reforms, halting abusive policies, ensuring accountability for abuses, and releasing unjustly jailed individuals; recalls that EU-Saudi cooperation on human rights must not be confined to the Human Rights Dialogues only, but streamlined across all relations between the EU and Saudi Arabia, as per Article 21 of the TEU;

Or. en

Amendment 154

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27. Calls for closer cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia on human rights; welcomes the EU-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Rights Dialogues led by the Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia and the European Commission, with the fourth Dialogue having been held in Riyadh in December 2024; notes that the discussions covered a wide range of human rights issues, including women's rights and the rights of vulnerable groups, the rule of law, the right to a fair trial, capital punishment, freedoms of expression, assembly and association, human trafficking, economic, social and cultural rights, as well as bilateral EU-KSA cooperation and activities in multilateral human rights fora;

Or. en

Amendment 155

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27. Calls for closer cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia on human rights; welcomes the EU-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Rights Dialogues led by the Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia and the European Commission, with the fourth Dialogue having been held in Riyadh in December 2024 and stresses that this and all other human rights dialogues the EU holds should aim at securing concrete, measurable, timebound human rights progress, including human rights reforms, halting abusive policies, ensuring accountability for abuses, and releasing unjustly jailed individuals;

Or. en

Amendment 156

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 157

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 158

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 159

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 160

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27. Calls for closer cooperation between the EU and Saudi Arabia on our common interests in the areas of security, regional stability, reducing illegal immigration, and economic cooperation;

Or. fr

Amendment 161

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27 a. Demands the immediate and unconditional release of all human rights defenders, women’s rights defenders, peaceful critics, and activists;

Or. en

Amendment 162

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 27 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

27 a. Calls for the establishment of a structured EU monitoring mechanism with clear benchmarks, timelines, and consequences for lack of progress in Saudi Arabia’s human rights reforms;

Or. en

Amendment 163

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28. Acknowledges the notable social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, such as the New Civil Transaction Laws, advancements in women’s empowerment, working on drafting a criminal code, the improvement of the Kafala migrant labour system and the implementation of new regulations for workers;

28. Acknowledges the social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, while highlighting that further steps are necessary to advance and consolidate the intended progress by, among other things, ensuring that the new penal code criminalizes child marriage and marital rape, and decriminalizes the rights to free speech, assembly, and association; remains concerned about prevailing discrimination in law and in practise, including against women and migrant workers;

Or. en

Amendment 164

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28. Acknowledges the social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, such as the New Civil Transaction Laws, advancements in women’s empowerment, working on drafting a criminal code, the improvement of the Kafala migrant labour system and the implementation of new regulations for workers; however notes Saudi Arabia’s legal system is marked by a dual challenge that lacks a comprehensive criminal code and vaguely defined, restrictive laws.

Or. en

Amendment 165

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28. Acknowledges the notable social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, such as the New Civil Transaction Laws and advancements in women’s empowerment;

Or. en

Amendment 166

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28. Acknowledges the notable social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, such as the New Civil Transaction Laws, advancements in women’s empowerment, working on drafting a criminal code, the improvement of the reform of the sponsorship (Kafala) system and the implementation of new regulations for workers;

Or. en

Amendment 167

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 168

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28. Acknowledges the notable social reforms implemented by Saudi Arabia, such as the New Civil Transaction Laws, progress in women’s empowerment, working on drafting a criminal code, the improvement of the Kafala migrant labour system and the implementation of new labour regulations;

Or. en

Amendment 169

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28 a. Takes note of Saudi Arabia’s work on drafting a penal code, while highlighting that according to human right´s organisations the draft law criminalizes acts of speech that are protected rights under international law and fails to protect women and girls from all forms of gender-based violence; urges Saudi authorities to amend the draft penal code in line with the country’s international obligations before the code’s adoption and ensure that women and girls are protected from all forms of gender-based violence by removing “honour crimes” from the legal lexicon, ensuring adequate protection from harassment and domestic violence, criminalizing marital rape, and further ensure the meaningful consultation of civil society, including women human rights defenders, in the drafting process;

Or. en

Amendment 170

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28 a. Underlines that female labour-force participation in Saudi Arabia has more than doubled since 2017, reaching 37%2a; notes that Saudi women now own 45% of SMEs and 17% of all enterprises; considers that these developments reflect the impact of legal reforms introduced since 2018, including the lifting of the driving ban3a, the adoption of an anti-harassment law, and new personal status regulations raising the minimum marriage age to 18 and strengthening women’s autonomy; congratulates Saudi Arabia on these achievements and encourages the continuation of reforms aimed at further advancing women’s rights and participation in public life;

_________________

2a https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/saudi-arabia#:~:text=In%20Saudi%20Arabia%2C%20the%20labor,labor%20force%20participation%20has%20increased

3a https://www.weforum.org/stories/2018/06/saudi-women-take-victory-lap-as-driving-ban-ends/

Or. en

Amendment 171

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28a. Underlines the lack of religious freedom in Saudi Arabia, especially for Christians; recalls that Saudi Arabia is often ranked second in the global list of countries that persecute Christian minorities; urges the Saudi authorities to lift the existing ban on members of the clergy entering the country;

Or. fr

Amendment 172

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28 a. Takes note of the concerns of the Shi'a minority in Saudi Arabia and calls on the authorities to ensure they enjoy equal treatment and opportunities in the Kingdom;

Or. en

Amendment 173

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28 b. Commends Saudi Arabia for appointing so far six women to the position of ambassador, which represents an important step in the empowerment of women and underlines that it marks only the beginning of further progress in advancing women’s representation and leadership;

Or. en

Amendment 174

António Tânger Corrêa

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 28 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

28 b. Welcomes the release of the 2015 Sakharov Price winner Raif Badawi in March 2022, however, calls on the Saudi authorities to lift his very restrictive travel and communication bans, in order for him to be reunited with his family;

Or. en

Amendment 175

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29. Recognises the growing participation of civil society in the kingdom, with over 5 400 registered associations and organisations, and calls for further measures to support and sustain this positive trend; however expresses its concern over the increase on targeting peaceful activists and ordinary citizens and their arbitrary arrest for exercising their right to freedom of expression, both online and offline, in accordance with international human rights law; encourages Saudi Arabia to review the definition of terrorism in line with international standards, including through the amendment of anti-cybercrime and counter-terrorism legislation to ensure that the use of social media for peaceful expression is not criminalized; recalls that the European Parliament awarded its 2015 Sakharov prize to the Saudi blogger Raif Badawi;

Or. en

Amendment 176

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29. Highlights the wholesale repression of independent Saudi civil society and arbitrary arrest of peaceful dissidents, public intellectuals, human rights defenders, and activists; recognises that despite the registration of over 5 400 associations and organisations in the kingdom, the creation and operation of independent, non-governmental human rights organisations, as well as independent monitoring are prohibited; urges Saudi Arabia to amend the Law on Associations to bring it into full conformity with international law and standards and allow the formation of independent human rights organisations and trade unions; calls on Saudi Arabia to end the arbitrary arrests and detention of human rights defenders, academics and clerics, for exercising their rights to freedom of expression and association, ensuring that the right to freedom of expression is protected in the forthcoming penal code;

Or. en

Amendment 177

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29. Recognises the growing participation of civil society in the kingdom, with over 5 400 registered associations and organisations, and calls for further measures to support and sustain this positive trend; calls for the protection of freedom of speech and calls on Saudi Arabia to allow the effective participation of human rights international organizations on the ground;

Or. en

Amendment 178

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29. Highlights the continued repression of independent Saudi civil society and arbitrary arrest of peaceful dissidents, public intellectuals, human rights defenders, and activists; recognises the registration of over 5 400 associations and organisations;

Or. en

Amendment 179

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29. Recognises the growing participation of Saudi civil society in the kingdom, with over 5 400 registered associations and organisations, and calls for further measures to support and sustain this positive trend;

Or. en

Amendment 180

Cristian Terheş

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29 a. Notes with appreciation the significant progress made in enhancing women’s participation in public life, with women now accounting for 41% of the civil service — including senior diplomatic posts — and 20% of the membership of the Shura Council;2a further highlights the historic milestone of May 2023, when astronaut Rayyanah Barnawi became the first Saudi and Arab Muslim woman to travel to space, symbolising the Kingdom’s commitment to empowerment, innovation, and the breaking of barriers3a;

_________________

2a https://data.ipu.org/parliament/SA/SA-LC01/data-on-women/

3a https://sites.ungeneva.org/not-a-womans-job/2024/en/permanent-missions/rayanna-barnawi.html

Or. en

Amendment 181

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29 a. Urges Saudi Arabia to allow country visits by independent human rights monitors and require regular independent human rights context reports with clear benchmarks for progress on the situation of human rights in Saudi Arabia;

Or. en

Amendment 182

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 183

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29 a. Urges Saudi Arabia to allow country visits by independent human rights monitors;

Or. en

Amendment 184

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 29 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

29 b. Calls for the immediate release of individuals detained for the peaceful exercise of their rights, especially key activists, academics, and clerics;

Or. en

Amendment 185

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30. Takes note of Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Strategy for the 2034 FIFA World Cup, but regrets the failure to meaningfully address – or even mention – some of the most serious human rights risks, such as labour abuse and exploitation, repression of freedoms, and violations of the rights to privacy through mass surveillance; reaffirms the EU’s readiness to support ongoing human rights and labour reforms; calls for strengthened cooperation with the UN and the International Labour Organization on migrant workers’ rights, particularly ahead of EXPO 2030 and the tournament in order to ensure adequate working conditions for all workers, notably evidence-based heat protection measures, timely and full pay, and in case of death, guarantee proper investigation and compensation to the families of the deceased;

Or. en

Amendment 186

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Strategy for the 2034 FIFA World Cup; reaffirms the EU’s readiness to support ongoing human rights and labour reforms; calls for strengthened cooperation with the UN and the International Labour Organization on migrant workers’ rights, particularly ahead of EXPO 2030 and the tournament, in order to ensure that all migrant worker deaths, regardless of perceived cause, time, and place, are properly investigated and families of deceased workers receive fair and timely compensation; that proper evidence-based heat protection measures are in place and all workers are paid timely and in full;

Or. en

Amendment 187

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Strategy for the 2034 FIFA World Cup; reaffirms the EU’s readiness to support ongoing human rights and labour reforms; calls for strengthened cooperation with the UN and the International Labour Organization on migrant workers’ rights, particularly ahead of EXPO 2030 and the tournament in order to ensure that all migrant worker deaths are properly investigated and families of deceased workers receive fair and timely compensation, that proper evidence-based heat protection measures are in place, and that all workers are paid timely and in full;

Or. en

Amendment 188

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30. Acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Strategy for the 2034 FIFA World Cup; reaffirms the EU’s readiness to support ongoing human rights and labour reforms; calls for strengthened cooperation with the UN and the International Labour Organization on migrant workers’ rights, particularly ahead of EXPO 2030 and the tournament; in order to ensure that all migrant worker deaths and accidents, regardless of perceived cause, time, and place, are properly investigated and families of deceased workers receive fair and timely compensation;

Or. en

Amendment 189

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

Or. en

Amendment 190

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30 a. Encourages Saudi Arabia to implement ongoing legal reforms to improve judicial transparency and prevent indefinite detention to ensure transparency in judicial proceedings; calls on Saudi Arabia to reform criminal courts to ensure that they conduct fair trials for all defendants, issue fair sentences for crimes based on guidelines, publish court records and protect defendants from arbitrary detention and ill-treatment;

Or. en

Amendment 191

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 30 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

30 a. Highlights that freedom of expression is severely restricted and points out that internet is heavily monitored yet and that critical social media posts can lead to arrest.

Or. en

Amendment 192

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms its strong and unequivocal opposition to the use of the death penalty at all times and under all circumstances; expresses its concern over the use of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia which has escalated dramatically in 2024, reaching unprecedented levels of more than 345 executions; calls on Saudi Arabia to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards this objective;

Or. en

Amendment 193

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled position against the death penalty, and urges Saudi Arabia to enact an immediate moratorium on death sentences and executions, particularly for individuals on death row for crimes they committed as children, with a view to fully abolishing this practice;

Or. en

Amendment 194

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled position against the death penalty, and urges Saudi Arabia to enact a moratorium on death sentences and executions, starting from individuals on death row for crimes they committed as children, with a view to fully abolishing it;

Or. en

Amendment 195

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty; with the possibility of enacting a moratorium on death sentences and executions;

Or. en

Amendment 196

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty, and that public executions are still practiced;

Or. en

Amendment 197

Jordan Bardella, Pierre-Romain Thionnet, Matthieu Valet

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty;

31. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty and corporal punishment;

Or. fr

Amendment 198

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 a. Expresses deep concern at the alarming escalation in the use of the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, with at least 345 executions carried out in 2024, the highest number recorded in the Kingdom’s recent history, and over 180 additional executions in the first half of 2025 alone, putting the country on track to surpass its previous record;

Or. en

Amendment 199

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 a. Reaffirms the EU’s principled commitment to work with Saudi Arabia towards the abolition of the death penalty; with the possibility of enacting a moratorium on death sentences and executions; taking into consideration that executions in the Kingdom have increased;

Or. en

Amendment 200

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 a. Calls for decriminalisation of same-sex sexual activity;

Or. en

Amendment 201

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 b (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 b. Condemns the continued use of the death penalty for non-lethal offences, particularly drug related crimes, and calls on Saudi Arabia to immediately implement a moratorium on executions for such offences in line with international human rights standards;

Or. en

Amendment 202

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 c (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 c. Expresses grave concern that over half of all executions in 2025 have been of foreign nationals, many of whom faced capital punishment for non-lethal drug offences, often following trials that failed to meet international fair trial standards; and recalls that the use of the death penalty in such cases constitutes a violation of international human rights law, which limits its application to only the “most serious crimes”;

Or. en

Amendment 203

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 d (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 d. Deplores the ongoing detention of individuals sentenced to death for offences committed as children, including Abdullah al-Howaiti, Abdullah al-Derazi, and Youssef al-Manasif, and calls on the Saudi authorities to overturn their death sentences in line with the Kingdom’s obligations under international law and its 2020 Royal Decree;

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Amendment 204

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 31 e (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

31 e. Condemns in the strongest terms the execution of Saudi journalist Turki bin Abdulaziz al-Jasser following a secret trial, as well as the ongoing prosecution of peaceful reformers and religious figures such as Hassan al-Maliki and Salman Alodah, who face the death penalty solely for exercising their right to freedom of expression; calls on Saudi Arabia to immediately and unconditionally release all individuals detained for peacefully exercising their human rights;

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Amendment 205

Roberto Vannacci, Silvia Sardone, Susanna Ceccardi

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all relevant international human rights conventions;

deleted

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Amendment 206

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all relevant international human rights conventions;

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all core international human rights conventions and labour rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture, the ICESCR, the ILO convention on domestic workers, the International convention on the protection of all migrant workers and their families, ILO convention on workers’ freedom of association and the protection of the right to strike and to bring its domestic laws into compliance with international standards;

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Amendment 207

Bernard Guetta, Hilde Vautmans, Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann, Engin Eroglu, Lucia Yar

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all relevant international human rights conventions;

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all relevant international human rights conventions; encourages Saudi Arabia to ensure that all existing and new legislation, including the Penal Code, comply with international human rights standards and underlined the importance of close cooperation with the United Nations system and independent civil society;

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Amendment 208

Hana Jalloul Muro

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all relevant international human rights conventions;

32. Calls on Saudi Arabia to ratify all core international human rights conventions;

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Amendment 209

Ville Niinistö

on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32 a. Urges the EU and Member States to make the ratification of a bilateral partnership agreement with Saudi Arabia conditional upon progress in human rights, notably Saudi Arabia’s ratification of core human rights and labour rights conventions, release of unjustly jailed individuals, and human and labour rights reforms as necessary to meet international standards;

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Amendment 210

Merja Kyllönen, Jonas Sjöstedt

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32 a. Urges the EU and Member States to set human rights conditions for progress in negotiations and ratification of a bilateral partnership agreement, including Saudi Arabia’s ratification of core human rights and labour rights conventions, release of unjustly jailed individuals, and human and labour rights reforms as necessary to meet international standards;

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Amendment 211

Robert Biedroń, Andreas Schieder, Evin Incir, Marco Tarquinio, Chloé Ridel

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 32 a (new)

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

32 a. Urges the EU and Member States to set human rights conditions for progress in negotiations and ratification of a bilateral partnership agreement, including but not limited to Saudi Arabia’s ratification of core human rights and labour rights conventions, as well as the release of unjustly jailed individuals;

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Amendment 212

Antonio López-Istúriz White, Reinhold Lopatka

Motion for a resolution

Paragraph 33

Motion for a resolution

Amendment

33. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission.

33. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, His Majesty King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman Al Saud, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Shura Council; calls for this resolution to be translated into Arabic.

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