What changed

G. whereas the TCA covers areas such as trade, energy, fisheries, transport, judicial and law enforcement cooperation, and social security coordination, providing a diversified and comprehensive framework and ensuring fair competition and a level playing field in the areas it covers; whereas the EU-UK Summit affirmed both parties’ renewed commitment to EU-UK energy cooperation, including plans to explore the UK’s re-entry into the EU’s internal energyelectricity market, with the aim of reducing clean energy costs and improving competitiveness;

31. Notes that the agreement towards establishing a common SPS area would significantly reduce trade friction and contribute to stability and predictability for businesses by removing the vast majority of certification and control requirements for the movement of animals, animal products, plants and plant products between Great Britain and the EU while maintaining high standards of health and consumer protection, food safety and animal welfare; underlines that these benefits for farmers, SMEs and consumers across the EU and the UK would also extend to the movement of such goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland; notes that the future SPS Agreement should allow for dynamic alignment by the UK, be subject to a dispute resolution mechanism with an independent arbitration panel and accept the Court of Justice of the European Union as the final authority on matters of EU law; welcomes the intention to involveinform the UK at an early stage in the EU’s decision-making process in areas covered by the future SPS Agreement; urges the Commission to come forward with a roadmap for SPS negotiations with the UK; furthermore invites both parties to step up regulatory dialogue in non-SPS aspects of food product regulation and avoid divergences in areas such as labelling and packaging; stresses that any UK access to EU systems, databases or agencies under EU programmes relevant to the SPS Agreement must be conditional upon the full recovery of related costs to the EU budget; underlines that such participation must deliver clear benefits to the EU and its stakeholders, in line with the principle of budgetary proportionality;

40. Notes that Articles 103 to 107 and 109 of the AI Act amend existing EU product legislation that applies to and in the United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland under Annex 2 ofto the Windsor Framework; takes note of the Commission’sCouncil’s proposalDecision of 2414 MarchApril 2025 to include certain provisionssetting ofout the AIUnion’s Actposition in Annexthe 2EU to– theUK WindsorJoint Framework,Committee withas regards the aimaddition of ensuring consistency in the regulationAI ofAct goodsin andAnnex associated2 servicesto inthe NorthernWindsor Ireland;Framework; acknowledges that greater regulatory alignment in areas such as product safety and market surveillance may help to support legal clarity and market continuity; encourages continued dialogue between the EU and the UK within the framework of the Joint Committee, with a view to identifying mutually acceptable approaches that uphold high standards of consumer protection and regulatory coherence;

85. Calls on the Commission to fully implement the SME chapter of the TCA by swiftly establishing the SME Committee,contact points, as provided for under the agreement, ensuring the active participation of organisations representing SMEs; considers that the SME Committee should be tasked with identifying barriers to trade, including to investment, that specifically affect SMEs, and proposing targeted solutions to reduce compliance costs and regulatory burdens, including through the exchange of best practices on SME support schemes and digital company registration; stresses the need for increased flexibility regarding business mobility by broadening the list of activities permitted under short-term visa-free arrangements and reducing the costs and complexities of visa processes for SMEs;

128. Welcomes the recent EU and UK commitment and political agreement to extend EU-UK energy cooperation on a continuous basis and to explore the parameters for the UK’s potential participation in the internal electricity market, including dynamic alignment and contributions to the costs associated with this policy area as set out in the EU-UK Common Understanding; calls for immediate negotiations on market alignment and for their timely conclusion, and emphasises the need for swift and decisive progress; highlights that such participation would lower energy prices and benefit consumers and businesses; stresses that such a deal would have to be found before 30 June 2026, when the current arrangements expire; stresses that, especially in the light of the changing geopolitical context and global trade uncertainty, areas of clear mutual interest include clean energy cooperation in the North Seas, linking the respective EU and UK emissions trading systems to avoid friction from their respective CBAM, improving electricity trading arrangements and closer coordination in infrastructure planning, thereby enhancing energy security and industrial competitiveness across Europe; calls for both parties to cooperate closely to ensure that a workable framework can be established in a timely manner, so as to limit legal uncertainty; calls for concrete joint efforts by the EU and the UK towards greater cooperation on nuclear energy, a low-carbon and affordable source of electricity, which is vital to reach climate neutrality and maintain the competitiveness of European industries; recalls that structured cooperation between the EU and the UK in areas such as electricity interconnectors and offshore renewable infrastructure may intersect with EU funding programmes, including regional and energy initiatives; emphasises that any UK participation in such frameworks requires appropriate governance, compliance with EU rules, and appropriate financial contributions reflecting the EU’s investment; calls on the Commission to provide Parliament with full information on any financial contribution to be provided by the UK in these areas;

134. Views favourably the willingness of both parties to contemplate greater regulatory and technological cooperation on clean technologies such as carbon capturecapture, andutilisation undergroundand storage, and renewable energies including offshore wind, hydrogen, biomethane and sustainable biofuels; notes, however, that the UK’s decision to leave the EU single market poses inevitable challenges to the format of and limits the scope for bilateral cooperation in the energy field; calls on both parties to find new ways to improve the quality and depth of their bilateral cooperation on clean and renewable energy technologies;

215. Underlines that the temporary nature of this provision makes it a cultural and educational exchange, not a migration policy tool; notes that the UK already has youth mobility schemes with other countries, such as Japan; emphasises that more equitable benefits can be gained if the EU conducts joint negotiations than if the Member States negotiate bilateral agreements individually; 216. Welcomes, likewise, the EU-UK Summit declaration of intent to work towards the UK’s participation in the EU’s Erasmus+ programme, which would be mutually beneficial, as promoting youth mobility, training and sport between the EU and the UK would be highly valuable; calls on the Commission and the UK to expedite negotiations in this regard, to find an association solution that would benefit both parties; stresses, in this context, the particular role of Erasmus+ as a driver of European values, cultural diversity, civic engagement and social inclusion, and the associated strengthening of Europe’s resilience; notes that the youth mobility scheme and the UK’s re-association to the Erasmus+ programme might be launched simultaneously, highlighting the need for both initiatives to be complementary and mutually reinforcing;

216. Welcomes, likewise, the EU-UK Summit declaration of intent to work towards the UK’s participation in the EU’s Erasmus+ programme, which would be mutually beneficial, as promoting youth mobility, training and sport between the EU and the UK would be highly valuable; calls on the Commission and the UK to expedite negotiations in this regard, to find an association solution that would benefit both parties; stresses, in this context, the particular role of Erasmus+ as a driver of European values, cultural diversity, civic engagement and social inclusion, and the associated strengthening of Europe’s resilience; notes that the youth mobility scheme and the UK’s re-association to the Erasmus+ programme might be launched simultaneously, highlighting the need for both initiatives to be complementary and mutually reinforcing;