What changed

B100473/2025

European Parliament resolution on renewing the EU-Africa partnership: building common priorities ahead of the Angola Summit

(2025/2933(RSP))

– having regard to Rule 136(2) and (4) of its Rules of Procedure,

– having regard to the Partnership Agreement between the EU and its Member States, of the one part, and the Members of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS), of the other part, also known as the Samoa Agreement, signed on 15 November 2023 and provisionally applied since 1 January 2024, which replaces the Cotonou Agreement and provides the overarching framework for EU-Africa relations through its dedicated Africa-EU regional protocol,

A. whereas Africa and Europe are neighbouring continents whose futures are closely interlinked; whereas the EU should aim to be Africa’s leading partner in trade, investment, development aid, humanitarian assistance, peace and security, energy and the digital transformation; whereas African countries together constitute the EU’s fourth-largest trading partner, while the EU Member States collectively represent Africa’s largest export market; whereas both continents face common and interconnected challenges in an increasingly complex geopolitical reality;

– having regard to the Joint Africa-EU Strategy adopted in Lisbon on 9 December 2007, which laid the foundation for a continent-to-continent partnership between the African Union (AU) and the EU, and to the lessons learned from its implementation,

B. whereas Africa is an indispensable partner in addressing global challenges – from ensuring sustainable access to critical raw materials to advancing the green and digital transitions, strengthening global food security, supporting a dynamic labour market, preventing conflict and building peace; whereas democracy, human rights and the rule of law are core values of both the EU and the African Union (AU), and women and young people are key agents of change for Africa’s democratic and economic future; whereas increasing EU-Africa cooperation can unlock shared opportunities for innovation, industrial development, job creation, human development, the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and long-term prosperity on both continents;

– having regard to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, adopted by the AU Assembly on 31 January 2015,

C. whereas the Samoa Agreement provides a renewed and modernised foundation for relations between the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states, aiming to strengthen their capacity to address these global challenges together and to move decisively towards a partnership of equals grounded in mutual respect and shared interests;

– having regard to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

D. whereas the African Charter on democracy, elections and governance emphasises the importance of free and fair elections as well as the rights of political parties and the opposition; whereas despite progress over the past decades, recent developments show a worrying trend of democratic backsliding;

– having regard to the outcomes of the sixth EU-AU Summit held from 17 to 18 February 2022 in Brussels,

E. whereas the AU’s Agenda 2063: ‘The Africa We Want’ represents Africa’s own long-term blueprint for inclusive growth, regional integration, gender equality and sustainable development; whereas Africa’s growing global engagement reflects its increasing political and economic influence; whereas this underlines the importance of a principled, transparent and mutually beneficial partnership that supports both African and European priorities and promotes long-term stability and prosperity;

– having regard to the Global Gateway and its Africa-Europe Investment Package worth EUR 150 billion announced by the EU to support shared ambitions for 2030 through investment in sustainable infrastructure, the green transition, digital transformation and human development, and to the EU’s external financing instrument (Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument [NDICI] – Global Europe), which provides the financial architecture for development cooperation with African countries,

F. whereas peace, security and good governance are prerequisites for prosperity, yet several African regions – particularly those in fragile settings – continue to face instability, terrorism, unconstitutional changes of government and humanitarian crises; whereas external actors have expanded their footprint in Africa, in particular China and Russia, often through opaque or coercive means, including disinformation and malign influence campaigns;

– having regard to the Global Gateway Forum held from 9 to 10 October 2025,

G. whereas the EU remains the largest development and humanitarian aid donor in Africa; whereas the global humanitarian system is facing an unprecedented funding crisis, with only 43 % of the UN’s USD 50 billion humanitarian aid appeal being met; whereas this situation has been exacerbated by continuous reductions in foreign aid budgets by multiple key donors;

– having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/947 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 June 2021 establishing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe, and its successor instrument for the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework,

H. whereas Africa’s population exceeded 1.5 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach 2.5 billion by 2050, with the large majority of people being under 30 years of age; whereas this demographic dynamism presents both opportunities and challenges, requiring massive investment in education, employment, healthcare and infrastructure; whereas inequality remains one of the main barriers to achieving the SDGs;

– having regard to its latest resolution on Africa-EU relations of 25 March 2021 on a new EU-Africa Strategy – a partnership for sustainable and inclusive development,

I. whereas Africa possesses vast potential for renewable energy, innovation and sustainable development; whereas, despite contributing minimally to global emissions, the continent is actively pursuing climate resilience and green growth; whereas joint EU-AU leadership can accelerate a just, inclusive and sustainable transition;

– having regard to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement, which entered into force in 2019,

J. whereas the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a transformative project for Africa’s integration and economic sovereignty, yet Africa’s participation in global trade and investment remains limited; whereas EU support should focus on capacity building for customs harmonisation and private-sector readiness so as to maximise the benefits of the AfCFTA;

– having regard to the Paris Agreement on climate change and the joint commitments of the EU and African states under it, as well as to the outcomes of recent UN climate change conferences (COPs) relevant to Africa, underlining the importance of cooperation in combating climate change,

K. whereas migration and mobility between Africa and Europe are long-standing complex and dynamic realities that have fostered cultural, social and economic ties, while also presenting challenges;

– having regard to the Constitutive Act of the African Union and to the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance,

L. whereas 2025 marks the 25th anniversary of the formal Africa-EU partnership, providing a historic opportunity to renew and elevate relations, putting the partners on an equal footing for the next generation;

– having regard to Rule 136(2) of its Rules of Procedure,

M. whereas the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the AU’s Agenda 2063 provide a shared compass for the partnership and should guide programming under the current Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) – Global Europe and the Global Gateway strategy, with a focus on transparency, inclusive participation and measurable results;

A. whereas Africa and Europe are neighbouring continents whose futures are closely interlinked; whereas the EU remains Africa’s leading partner in trade, investment, development cooperation, humanitarian assistance, peace and security, energy and digital transformation; whereas African countries together constitute the EU’s fourth-largest trading partner, while the EU Member States collectively represent Africa’s largest export market;

N. whereas all forms of development cooperation should be founded on the principles of aid effectiveness; whereas the implementation of the Samoa Agreement and the Global Gateway must align with the AU’s Agenda 2063 and uphold the principles of equality, mutual accountability and African ownership across all strands of cooperation;

B. whereas the Samoa Agreement provides a renewed and modernised foundation for relations between the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states, aiming to strengthen their capacity to address global challenges together and to move decisively towards a partnership of equals grounded in mutual respect and shared interests;

O. whereas Africa’s ongoing sovereign debt crisis has intensified over the past decade; whereas, in a climate of geopolitical turmoil and rising interest rates, Africa’s public debt ratio doubled between 2010 and 2022, rising from 32.7 % to 65 %;

C. whereas democracy, human rights and the rule of law are core values of both the EU and the AU, and women and young people are key agents of change for Africa’s democratic and economic future;

P. whereas the EU has repeatedly affirmed its commitment to the promotion and protection of religious freedom globally, and has taken steps to combat religious persecution and intolerance in various parts of the world;

D. whereas the EU’s rhetoric towards Africa is that of a partnership on an equal footing, especially since the adoption of the Cotonou Agreement in 2000, which clearly aims for equitable cooperation through the three pillars of development, trade and political cooperation;

E. whereas the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 SDGs constitute the universal roadmap for fostering sustainable global prosperity for people and the planet; whereas the EU and Africa share the responsibility of accelerating progress towards these goals through a partnership grounded in solidarity, mutual respect, accountability and tangible results;

F. whereas Africa’s population exceeded 1.5 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach 2.5 billion by 2050; whereas this demographic dynamism presents both opportunities and challenges, requiring massive investment in education, employment, healthcare and infrastructure;

G. whereas the African Charter on democracy, elections and governance emphasises the importance of free and fair elections as well as the rights of political parties and the opposition; whereas despite progress over the past decades, recent developments, in particular in the Sahel region, the Gulf of Guinea and Tanzania, show a worrying trend of democratic backsliding, with increased persecution of the opposition, the disqualification of candidates standing in elections, and the imprisonment of opposition leaders;

H. whereas recent shifts and volatility in international development financing by various global partners have affected funding predictability for key sectors in parts of Africa; whereas this underscores the need for the EU and its Member States to ensure continuity, complementarity and coordination of support with like-minded partners, and to show continuous solidarity, while reinforcing African ownership and reducing aid dependency over time; whereas external actors have expanded their footprint in Africa, often through opaque or coercive means, underscoring the need for principled, transparent and sustainable European engagement;

I. whereas humanitarian aid plays a crucial role in EU-Africa relations by addressing all kinds of crises; whereas the EU is the leading humanitarian aid donor in Africa; whereas the global humanitarian system is facing an unprecedented funding crisis, with only 43 % of the USD 50 billion UN humanitarian appeal being met in 2024; whereas African countries must not be caught in endless cycles of humanitarian aid, but should instead be able to transition towards self-sustaining, sustainable developed economies;

J. whereas the dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and reductions in foreign support from other key donors, including certain EU Member States, have further aggravated the shortfall, increasing hunger and jeopardising humanitarian, health, gender equality and climate initiatives; whereas China and other actors are trying to fill this vacuum and increase their presence, without, however, coming close to providing the kind of support that the EU is offering;

K. whereas China has been increasing its economic footprint in Africa by providing easy loans and advancing quick investments in infrastructure projects; whereas after an initially positive reception, several countries have now realised that the Chinese investments come with a significant cost and are trying to rebalance their partnerships;

L. whereas Russia has been pursuing an aggressive anti-European campaign throughout many parts of Africa, in particular in the Sahel region, focusing on spreading false and manipulated information (FIMI) with the aim of stirring anti-European sentiment; whereas such campaigns take place especially in countries with a strong European presence or hosting common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions;

M. whereas the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has exploited certain political vacuums, often to the detriment of the EU’s interests, and has significantly expanded its economic and strategic presence in Africa; whereas the UAE has increased its involvement in Africa’s security landscape, often in competition with the EU’s security interests; whereas the UAE is actively intervening in conflicts, often without meaningful cooperation with the EU, through the provision of weapons and logistical support, which has prolonged a number of crises, notably in Sudan;

N. whereas Türkiye, often to the detriment of the EU’s interests and without meaningful cooperation with the EU, has increased its influence in Africa over the past two decades, as reflected in rising trade volumes, as well as increased security, religious, cultural and diplomatic cooperation;

O. whereas the Russian Federation makes use of private military companies (PMCs), such as Africa Corps and the Wagner Group, as part of a hybrid warfare toolbox, while exerting influence in various regions and gaining access to natural resources and critical infrastructure; whereas Africa Corps and the Wagner Group have reportedly committed atrocities in various parts of Africa;

P. whereas Africa has demonstrated strong economic growth over the past two decades – averaging 4.8 % annually between 2000 and 2010 and maintaining 3.1 % between 2011 and 2020, above the global average; whereas much of this growth has been linked to commodity exports; whereas 61 % of regional exports now comprise processed and semi-processed goods, highlighting potential for supply chain diversification; whereas the AfCFTA offers a transformative framework to reduce dependence on volatile global markets, increase intra-African trade, and build a more resilient, integrated and value-added economy across the continent;

Q. whereas peace, security and good governance are prerequisites for prosperity, yet several African regions continue to face instability, terrorism, unconstitutional changes of government and humanitarian crises; whereas African security challenges, from the Sahel region to the Horn of Africa, necessitate Africa-led, Europe-enabled responses grounded in accountability and respect for human rights;

R. whereas the EU will allocate EUR 1.5 billion for the 2021-2027 period to support conflict prevention, peace and security initiatives at national and regional level in sub-Saharan Africa; whereas additional support is also provided in Africa under the European Peace Facility (EPF), which enables the EU to provide all kinds of equipment and infrastructure to the armed forces of EU partners;

S. whereas the EU has repeatedly affirmed its commitment to the promotion and protection of religious freedom globally, and has taken steps to combat religious persecution and intolerance in various parts of the world; whereas Parliament has consistently called for the strengthening of international efforts to combat religious persecution and to hold accountable those responsible for attacks on minority communities;

T. whereas migration and mobility between Africa and Europe are long-standing realities, and the majority of the estimated 40 million Africans living outside their country of origin have migrated within Africa, rather than to Europe or other continents; whereas there is a need for the EU and Africa to establish a mutually beneficial migration partnership focused on economic development in Africa and addressing labour shortages in Europe; whereas the urgent and efficient implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum is needed in order to better manage migration and combat irregular migration, human smuggling and trafficking; whereas migration is driven by complex factors including disinformation, armed conflict, political instability, economic hardship, food insecurity and environmental degradation; whereas development cooperation plays a key role in tackling the root causes of irregular migration through support for the rule of law, law enforcement, sustainable economic opportunities, governance, peace and stability across Africa;

U. whereas climate change and environmental degradation threaten lives and livelihoods across Africa, despite the continent’s minimal contribution to global emissions, and joint EU-AU leadership is essential to achieve a just and green transition; whereas EU sustainability laws, including the Deforestation Regulation and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, must not penalise African small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or serve as a pretext to restrict market entry;

V. whereas in the current crisis of multilateralism, strengthening the EU-Africa partnership offers a vital chance to revitalise cooperation by centring African agency and promoting inclusive, people-focused and future-oriented models; whereas by shifting from division to genuine partnership, the EU and Africa can tackle shared challenges – economic development, climate change, peace and social cohesion – showing that collective action based on mutual respect is key to global stability and prosperity;

New strategic partnership of equals

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2. Calls for the EU to step up its concrete actions and strategic communication and visibility across Africa, clearly demonstrating the tangible benefits of the EU-AU partnership, which is grounded in mutual respect, transparency and sustainability; stresses the importance of transparent, values-based engagement, in contrast with the influence of external powers, including China and Russia, whose opaque financial, security and disinformation activities risk undermining sovereignty, stability and democratic governance in Africa; stresses that the EU must ‘show its flag’ more effectively through coherent diplomacy, visible investment and closer coordination between the Commission, the European External Action Service (EEAS), Parliament and the Member States to project a united European voice;

2. Notes that in an era of shifting geopolitical allegiances, rising extremism and increasing global insecurity, the EU-Africa partnership is more essential than ever; underlines that genuine cooperation between the two continents is indispensable to address shared challenges and that joint multilateral action remains the most effective path to advancing common priorities in peace, prosperity, democracy, human rights, the rule of law, sustainable trade and human development;

3. Underlines the importance of institutionalising the parliamentary dimension of future EU-AU summits as an integral component of their framework, in order to ensure citizen representation, public oversight and a democratic contribution to the deliberations and outcomes of the partnership; supports efforts to revitalise joint parliamentary dialogue between the European Parliament and the Pan-African Parliament as a forum for democratic dialogue and oversight; encourages regular thematic meetings between parliamentary committees from both continents to ensure accountability within the partnership;

3. Welcomes the Samoa Agreement as the updated overarching framework for EU-Africa relations through its dedicated regional protocol; calls on all EU Member States and African partners to complete its ratification without delay so as to move from provisional application to full entry into force;

4. Calls on the 22 EU Member States and the 66 African partners who have not yet ratified the Samoa Agreement to do so without delay, to move it from provisional application to full entry into force;

4. Reaffirms that the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda and the SDGs must serve as the common compass of the renewed EU-Africa partnership, which should align all political, financial and investment frameworks, including NDICI – Global Europe and the Global Gateway strategy, with the SDGs and the Paris Agreement, ensuring social, environmental and economic impact across both continents;

5. Urges the Commission to conduct, without exception, thorough impact assessments and stakeholder consultations, including with African counterparts directly impacted by EU legislation, and to base its proposals on the full evidence available; commits to consult African counterparts on upcoming EU legislation;

5. Calls for the establishment of a genuine new strategic partnership of equals between the EU and the AU, building on the Joint Vision for 2030 adopted at the sixth EU-AU Summit in Brussels, and guided by shared priorities in prosperity, peace and governance, human development and environmental stewardship; stresses that this partnership must convert common aspirations into measurable commitments, promoting sustainable trade and investment, advancing democracy and the rule of law, empowering people through education, health and mobility, and driving joint action within a rules-based multilateral order; emphasises that only through sustained political dialogue, transparency and joint ownership can the two continents turn this vision into lasting progress for their citizens;

6. Calls for a new EU communication strategy to better inform both European and African citizens about the EU’s engagements with Africa and about the magnitude and importance of not only the EU-AU partnership, but also of the various significant projects that the EU is financing on the African continent; deplores the fact that, in the absence of such a clear strategy, other malign actors have found it easy in the past to discredit the EU or diminish its significant involvement due to the lack of clear information about the EU’s involvement in partner countries;

Sustainable growth, trade and investment

7. Highlights the fact that the EU is Africa’s largest trading and investment partner and stresses the need to strengthen trade relations in favour of resilience, value addition and diversification; supports the full implementation of the AfCFTA as a driver of continental integration and calls for the EU to provide capacity building and technical and financial assistance for its institutions, customs harmonisation and private-sector readiness;

8. Encourages the EU to align its trade and development policies in Africa, supporting and complementing African-led regional integration efforts, including the establishment of the AfCFTA; recognises the EU’s significant financial and political support for the AU’s Agenda 2063 – focused on inclusive socio-economic development and regional integration – and recalls the importance of ensuring that trade frameworks, such as economic partnership agreements (EPAs), fully reinforce these goals; reiterates that EPAs promote diversification, industrialisation and increased intra-African trade, thereby strengthening African economic development, value addition and sustainable development in line with Agenda 2063’s vision; stresses that a reinforced EU-Africa trade partnership can play a pivotal role in fostering Africa’s long-term growth and resilience;

9. Welcomes the ambition to make EU external action more coherent and effective through the Global Europe instrument and to scale up investment under the Global Gateway strategy; stresses that flexibility must go hand in hand with accountability, transparency and parliamentary oversight; calls on the Commission and the Council to ensure that the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework safeguards funding to realise our priorities and guarantees that EU external financing remains a driver of trust and genuine partnership with African countries;

10. Urges the Commission, the European External Action Service and the Member States to scale up the Global Gateway Africa-Europe Investment Package as the flagship of the new partnership, ensuring that projects are co-designed with African stakeholders, aligned with national and regional priorities, and implemented transparently; stresses the importance of strong private-sector involvement and better access for SMEs in the design of Global Gateway projects; calls for the Global Gateway to channel investment into renewable energy, sustainable transport corridors, green and digital infrastructure, water and sanitation, and resilient agriculture, while preventing unsustainable debt accumulation; stresses that improving the visibility and communication of EU-funded Global Gateway projects is essential for demonstrating the EU’s added value, ensuring accountability to citizens in Europe and partner countries, and highlighting the tangible benefits of the Africa-Europe partnership on the ground; underlines the crucial role of EU delegations in this process and the need to strengthen their capacities, rather than reducing them, to ensure effective coordination and implementation of Global Gateway initiatives; calls for Global Gateway projects to support the further integration of the AfCFTA by addressing logistical bottlenecks between African countries;

11. Calls for the EU and its financial institutions to expand the use of blended finance and guarantees under the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus to mobilise private capital for sustainable projects, particularly in job-creating sectors such as manufacturing, agribusiness and technology; insists that investments comply with high social and environmental standards and contribute to local value chains;

12. Underlines that official development assistance (ODA) remains indispensable, especially in fragile contexts; calls on the EU Member States to sustain and step up progress towards the long-standing UN target of allocating 0.7 % of gross national income to ODA and to increase the share directed to least-developed countries, in line with EU and international commitments;

13. Recognises that large-scale investment initiatives alone cannot adequately address the complex realities of fragile and conflict-affected settings, nor the vulnerabilities of least-developed and heavily indebted countries; calls therefore for a dedicated EU strategy for engagement in fragile contexts under the future Global Europe instrument, ensuring that political dialogue, peacebuilding, humanitarian aid and state-building support are coherently integrated with development and investment actions; emphasises that this approach must preserve the EU’s values-based principles, prevent the accumulation of unsustainable debt, and guarantee that the most fragile partners are not forgotten or left behind by broader investment-oriented policies;

14. Notes the changing landscape of international development assistance, where evolving priorities among major global donor countries, including the recent shutdown of USAID programmes, have created significant financing gaps in essential services; calls on the Commission and the EU Member States to realign NDICI – Global Europe and Team Europe programming with their officially agreed objectives and minimum spending targets for sub-Saharan Africa and thematic programmes, and to use these instruments to bridge such gaps swiftly where appropriate, prioritising health, education, food security and climate adaptation in the most vulnerable African countries;

15. Calls for enhanced donor coordination with like-minded partners, the G7, multilateral development banks and the UN system to avoid duplication, sustain life-saving programmes and ensure alignment with African priorities; encourages stronger cooperation with complementary local and regional initiatives that pursue sustainable development, transparency and accountability in partnership with the EU;

Peace, security and good governance

6. Reaffirms that sustainable peace is a prerequisite for development and prosperity; supports African-led peace efforts under the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) and commends EU support through the European Peace Facility; calls for predictable funding for AU-mandated operations, including through UN-assessed contributions; stresses that cooperation must respect international law, protect civilians and promote governance reform; expresses deep concern about the spread of conflicts, jihadist terrorism, military coups and state collapses, democratic backsliding and violent extremism in several parts of Africa; calls for a comprehensive approach that combines defence, peacebuilding, security measures, prevention, deradicalisation and socio-economic development;

16. Reiterates that peace and prosperity are inseparable; supports African-led peace operations and mediation efforts under the African Peace and Security Architecture and commends EU financial and technical assistance through the EPF; calls for predictable, long-term financing of AU-mandated peace operations, including through UN-assessed contributions;

7. Expresses profound concern about the deteriorating security and humanitarian situation across the Sahel region, in particular Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, where large areas remain under the control of armed groups and civilians face widespread displacement and food insecurity; stresses that the crisis is spilling over into West Africa’s coastal democracies and generating dangerous power vacuums following the withdrawal of international missions; condemns Russia’s destabilising strategy in the region, including its decision to absorb the Wagner Group into the government-controlled Africa Corps, its disinformation operations and its predatory resource acquisition practices; notes that reliance on such support by military juntas has failed to stabilise the situation and has enabled terrorist groups to regain ground; regrets that the EU Training Mission in Mali, the EU Military Partnership Mission in Niger and the EU Capacity Building Mission in Niger and other international deployments have not delivered lasting peace; calls for an evidence-based, in-depth assessment of mandates, roles and policies and for a profoundly revised, integrated EU common security and defence policy strategy for the Sahel region that is coherent with development policy and supported by the European Peace Facility; prioritises humanitarian access and the protection of civilians and conditions EU security assistance on full respect for international humanitarian and human rights law; calls for coordinated, principled EU-AU action grounded in democracy, human rights and the rule of law, including measures to counter foreign information manipulation and interference, disrupt illicit resource economies and criminal activities that finance armed groups, and invest in governance, service delivery and local economic opportunities to address structural drivers of instability;

17. Condemns the resurgence of military coups and unconstitutional changes of government in Africa and supports the AU’s zero-tolerance policy in this regard; calls for the EU to coordinate with the AU and regional bodies to restore constitutional order, apply targeted sanctions where necessary and assist transitions back to democratic governance; regrets the democratic backsliding, notably in the Sahel region, and strongly condemns increased measures to suppress and persecute opposition parties; Emphasises that banning opposition candidates from running in elections, as well as imprisoning opposition leaders, are obstacles to further deepening EU-AU relations; points, in particular, to the case of the Tanzanian opposition leader Tundu Lissu who has been imprisoned for calling for electoral reforms; calls for his immediate release;

8. Expresses deep concern about the ongoing violence, political instability and humanitarian crises in several parts of Africa; recalls in particular the devastating conflict in Sudan, where fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has resulted in mass civilian casualties, displacement and widespread human rights violations; strongly condemns all atrocities, including the deliberate targeting of civilians and the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war, and calls for full accountability and unhindered humanitarian access; welcomes regional and UN-led diplomatic efforts and encourages the EU to intensify coordination with the AU and neighbouring states to support ceasefire negotiations and inclusive peacebuilding; notes, with concern, the persistent fragility and lack of national reconciliation in Libya, whose instability continues to affect both African and European security; urges renewed EU engagement, in close cooperation with the UN, to promote a unified political process, transparent elections and the withdrawal of foreign mercenaries; welcomes the contribution of the EU Military Assistance Mission Mozambique to restoring security in Cabo Delgado, while stressing the need to embed human rights, community resilience and principles of good governance to ensure lasting stability and local trust; underlines the role of the EU Capacity Building Mission in Somalia in reinforcing the capacities of the Somali police, as well as maritime security and the rule of law; calls for closer coordination with international partners and for the integration of the mission’s work within broader EU efforts to strengthen governance, justice and counterterrorism resilience in the Horn of Africa; remains alarmed by the situation in Ethiopia, including in the Tigray region, where serious human rights abuses have been reported; calls on the Ethiopian authorities to guarantee unrestricted humanitarian access, pursue genuine national dialogue and uphold the rule of law and fundamental freedoms; underlines that all EU engagement in conflict-affected and transitional contexts must promote democracy, accountability and African ownership, ensuring coordination with the AU and regional initiatives to foster reconciliation, stability and sustainable development across the continent;

18. Expresses deep concern over the spread of terrorism and violent extremism in parts of Africa and calls for a comprehensive approach that combines security measures, prevention, deradicalisation and socio-economic development; underlines the need for closer EU-AU cooperation to counter terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS); emphasises that counterterrorism operations must fully respect international humanitarian and human rights law; supports EU programmes for community resilience, women and youth engagement and post-conflict reconstruction; recalls that despite challenges, the EU has a good track record in addressing terrorism in Africa; underlines, however, that Russian efforts to combat terrorism have often failed to improve the security situation and have led to a significant deterioration in domestic human rights situations at a massive cost to local populations;

9. Calls for the EU to step up its efforts to promote peace, security and stability across the African continent; calls for predictable, long-term financing of AU-mandated peace operations, including through UN-assessed contributions in line with UN Security Council Resolution 2719 (2023); stresses the need for permanent African representation on the UN Security Council; supports African-led peace operations and mediation efforts under the APSA;

19. Condemns any form of religiously motivated violence against individuals of any faith and calls for increased efforts at EU-AU level to prevent future violence and bring the perpetrators to justice; expresses its solidarity with, and condolences to, all victims of violence;

10. Calls on the Council and the Commission to strengthen EU-Africa security and defence cooperation, including by establishing effective joint capacity to counter terrorism, violent extremism and external interference, particularly in fragile states; underlines that such cooperation must complement and reinforce African-led efforts under the APSA and fully respect international law, democratic oversight and the principles of a partnership of equals; emphasises that counterterrorism operations must fully respect international humanitarian and human rights law; supports EU programmes for community resilience, women’s and youth engagement and post-conflict reconstruction; urges both the EU and the AU to implement the UN Women, Peace and Security agenda and the UN Youth, Peace and Security agenda, ensuring equal participation in decision-making;

20. Emphasises that the EU should urgently review its regional strategy for the Sahel region, following the series of coups in the region; strongly deplores the forced departure of French troops and UN peacekeeping forces from the region and condemns the presence instead of PMCs and state-sponsored proxies such as Africa Corps (formerly the Wagner Group); underscores that these PMCs have played a destabilising role in the Sahel region and have supported various repressive regimes in an attempt to further Russia’s influence in Africa; urges the EU Special Representative for the Sahel and the Member States to maintain diplomatic engagement and continue supporting civil society and investing in development and humanitarian aid;

11. Welcomes the recent peace agreement between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but remains deeply concerned by continuing violence and insecurity in eastern DRC, particularly in North Kivu and Ituri; calls for the EU to play an active and coordinated role in supporting the implementation of the peace process, focusing on enhancing inclusivity and women’s participation, humanitarian access and protection of civilians; stresses that in order to achieve lasting stability, the economic dimensions of the conflict must be addressed, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources and raw materials, and justice for victims of war crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence, must be ensured; urges the Commission and the Council to immediately suspend the EU-Rwanda Memorandum of Understanding on sustainable raw materials value chains until Rwanda proves that it is ceasing its interference in and its exportation of minerals mined from areas controlled by the paramilitary group M23; calls on all actors to increase transparency and to effectively ban the entry of all blood minerals into the EU; calls for the EU to promote responsible sourcing, transparency in supply chains and investment in value addition in the DRC and the Great Lakes region;

21. Is concerned about the limited role played by the EU in the Horn of Africa, while the involvement of other foreign actors, notably China, the UAE and Türkiye, continues to grow; calls for a review of the EU strategy in the region, with a view to achieving the EU’s goals of promoting peace, stability and inclusive and sustainable economic development in the region;

12. Underlines the vital importance of democracy and free and fair elections, as they are the only way to ensure true accountability and true representation of the people’s interests and priorities; calls for enhanced cooperation on electoral observation and democracy-building, in partnership with the AU and regional organisations; calls for dedicated funding for local women mediators and peacebuilders, young peacebuilders and civil society organisations; reaffirms the essential role of women and young people in peacebuilding and governance;

22. Underlines that the EU has been actively supporting stability and security throughout Africa via diplomatic efforts, notably by the EU Special Representative for the Great Lakes Region, as well as various CSDP missions; takes note that the mandates of the EU Training Mission in Mali, the EU Military Partnership Mission in Niger and the ground mission of personnel from the EU Capacity Building Mission Sahel Niger ended in 2024, while the EU Capacity Mission Sahel Mali and the EU Regional Advisory and Coordination Cell for the Sahel are still ongoing; takes note of the creation of a new type of hybrid civilian-military EU Security and Defence Initiative in the Gulf of Guinea, established in August 2023, aiming to empower the security and defence forces of Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin to improve the stability and resilience of their northern border areas;

13. Is concerned about China’s growing political influence in Africa and the expansion of its global initiatives, including the Belt and Road Initiative; notes that while these projects have mobilised significant investment, they often lack transparency and can create economic dependencies; calls for the EU to step up its efforts to offer a sustainable, values-based and transparent alternative grounded in local ownership, fair competition and mutual benefit; calls for the EU to enhance its strategic communication and visibility, promote joint AU-EU projects in infrastructure, digitalisation and innovation, and support independent media and education initiatives to demonstrate the long-term advantages of the joint EU-AU model of partnership; recognises the strategic importance of critical raw materials for both Africa and Europe and stresses that cooperation in this field must be founded on mutual benefit, transparency and sustainability; calls for Europe’s resilience to be strengthened by diversifying away from excessive dependencies through partnerships that promote responsible mining, local value addition and skills development; underlines that initiatives under the Global Gateway Africa-Europe Investment Package should foster resilient, fair and environmentally responsible supply chains, ensuring that resource cooperation contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth and economic diversification in African countries;

23. Insists that good governance, transparency and accountability are the backbone of sustainable development; encourages support for civil service reform, anti-corruption mechanisms, free and independent media, and strong civil society participation; calls for enhanced cooperation on electoral observation and democracy-building, in partnership with the AU and regional organisations;

Sustainable development and growth, trade and infrastructure

24. Recalls that China’s approach to Africa reflects hegemonic ambitions as it establishes one-sided dependencies with African countries, including in trade, critical raw materials and certain tech areas, and has leveraged these for political means vis-à-vis individual countries as well as in international organisations; underlines that China seeks to establish economic dependencies for political purposes; recalls that China and Russia have broadened their influence in the media sphere by acquiring local and regional media platforms, and use social media platforms, such as TikTok, to spread disinformation, including pro-Chinese or pro-Russian and anti-Western propaganda; believes that Europe should collaborate with African partners to counter Chinese- and Russian-led disinformation efforts, to jointly expose foreign adversaries’ manipulation attempts and to promote EU-African media partnerships to strengthen shared resilience; calls for stronger AU-EU cooperation in combating AI-generated disinformation;

14. Supports the full implementation of the AfCFTA as a driver of continental integration and calls for the EU to provide technical and financial assistance for its institutions, customs harmonisation and private-sector readiness;

25. Recalls that the UAE has significantly increased its economic and strategic presence in Africa, often to the detriment of the EU’s interests; notes that it has established itself as a security actor, including through the establishment of military outposts and the provision of weapons and logistical support to armed groups such as the Rapid Support Forces in Sudan, thereby exacerbating ongoing conflicts; expresses concern that the UAE’s ‘no strings attached’ approach frequently neglects the human rights and environmental impacts of large infrastructure projects; underlines the need for the EU to respond proactively by promoting responsible investment and development practices that reinforce African ownership, peace and sustainability;

15. Underlines the central role of the NDICI – Global Europe as the EU’s main external financing framework for supporting cooperation with Africa; stresses that the effective use of NDICI – Global Europe and its successor instrument is essential to ensure coherence between policy priorities, Global Gateway investments and Team Europe initiatives, as well as to guarantee transparency, accountability and measurable results in EU development action, and to fulfil EU treaty obligations, including promoting poverty eradication, sustainable development, human rights, international cooperation and gender equality;

26. Reaffirms the essential role of women and young people in peacebuilding and governance; urges both the EU and the AU to implement the UN Women, Peace and Security agenda and the UN Youth, Peace and Security agenda, ensuring equal participation in decision-making; calls for dedicated funding to female mediators, and young peacebuilders and community leaders;

16. Calls on the Member States to undertake a thorough assessment of shortcomings in their previous approaches to development cooperation with and external assistance for Africa, and to revise and readjust their Africa strategies with a view to fostering sustainable prosperity on the continent and achieving genuinely mutually beneficial partnerships; stresses the importance of ensuring policy coherence for development (PCD) across all EU external policies, taking into account trade, migration, climate and security concerns; highlights the importance of Parliament’s PCD Network in achieving better alignment of the EU’s external policies; underlines that official development assistance (ODA) remains indispensable in least-developed countries, low-income countries and fragile states; calls on the Member States to sustain and step up progress towards the long-standing UN target of allocating 0.7 % of gross national income to ODA and to increase the share directed to least-developed countries, in line with EU and international commitments; encourages the exploration of innovative and legally sound financing tools, including voluntary reallocation of the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights where feasible, and the use of structured and transparent debt-for-climate or debt-for-development swaps to strengthen funding for climate adaptation and resilience; calls on the Commission and the Member States to take into account the interests of the outermost regions when signing agreements with African countries;

27. Underlines the importance of institutionalising the parliamentary dimension of future EU-AU summits as an integral component of their framework in order to ensure citizen representation, public oversight and a democratic contribution to the deliberations and outcomes of the EU-AU partnership;

17. Expresses deep concern about the mounting debt burden facing many African countries; calls for the EU and other relevant partners to support comprehensive debt restructuring and reform of the global financial architecture to ensure fairer terms and transparency;

28. Supports efforts to revitalise the Joint Parliamentary Assembly between the European Parliament and the regional Assembly of Africa, as well as the cooperation between the Pan-African Parliament and the European Parliament to ensure a forum for democratic dialogue and oversight; encourages regular thematic meetings between parliamentary committees from both continents to ensure accountability within the partnership;

18. Recognises efforts to make EU external action more coherent through the Global Europe instrument and the Global Gateway strategy, while stressing that flexibility must be matched by predictability, accountability, transparency and parliamentary oversight; calls on the Commission, the EEAS, the Council and the Member States to ensure that the Global Gateway Africa-Europe Investment Package delivers tangible results by aligning projects with African priorities, preventing unsustainable debt, supporting poverty eradication and promoting human development in line with the SDGs and treaty obligations; recognises that large-scale investment initiatives alone cannot address the complex realities of fragile and conflict-affected settings, nor the vulnerabilities of least-developed and heavily indebted countries; calls therefore for a dedicated EU strategy for engagement in fragile contexts under the future Global Europe instrument, integrating political dialogue, peacebuilding, humanitarian aid and development action, while stressing the need for ring-fenced humanitarian aid in the next multiannual financial framework; underlines the need to improve the visibility and coordination of EU-funded projects through stronger EU delegations and genuine partnerships with African stakeholders;

Investing in human development, youth and mobility

19. Notes, with grave concern, the widespread evidence of illegal mining and mineral smuggling, and the resulting impact on the stability and development of resource-rich regions; recalls the links between mining and human rights violations, environmental degradation, land grabbing and violent conflicts;

29. Affirms that people-centred cooperation is the core of the EU-Africa partnership; welcomes the EU Youth Action Plan for 2022-2027 and the Youth Mobility for Africa initiative; calls for the Erasmus+, Horizon Europe and Intra-Africa Academic Mobility schemes to be scaled up to reach far more students and researchers, and for increased support to be provided to African universities and vocational institutes;

20. Calls for the creation of a dedicated EU-Africa industrialisation pact under the joint auspices of the AU, the EU and regional development banks, to mobilise public and private capital, which would ensure that Africa is not just a source of raw materials, but a hub for processing, manufacturing and innovation; stresses that this initiative would be a tangible expression of a partnership of equals, fostering long-term growth and sustainable value chains on both continents; voices its concerns about the withdrawal of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the scaling down of its programmes, which has created significant financing gaps in essential services; calls on the Commission and the Member States to realign NDICI – Global Europe and Team Europe programming with the officially agreed objectives and minimum spending targets for sub-Saharan Africa and thematic programmes, and to use these instruments to swiftly bridge financing gaps where appropriate, prioritising poverty eradication, health, gender equality, education, food security and climate adaptation in the most vulnerable African countries; emphasises that the needs-based nature of humanitarian aid requires ring-fenced funding, distinct from other external action financing; highlights the importance of close dialogue between the United States, the EU and the AU on an equal footing in order to realise the joint objectives of fostering democracy, development and prosperity in Africa and a review of the policy on ‘peace for resources’;

30. Emphasises that health security is a shared global public good; welcomes EU support for the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, for vaccine manufacturing hubs in Africa and for the African Medicines Agency; calls for continued cooperation on pandemic preparedness, local pharmaceutical production and universal health coverage;

Investing in women, young people, human development and mobility

31. Calls for a balanced, humane and forward-looking approach to migration and mobility; calls for the EU and the AU to address the root causes of irregular migration through sustainable job creation, governance and climate resilience by systematically integrating migratory considerations into development policies and programmes;

21. Stresses that African young people must be at the heart of a renewed EU-Africa partnership; stresses that the EU-AU partnership serves as an opportunity for African governments to provide possibilities, including job creation, for their citizens, and that the EU can assist and support such African-driven efforts; underlines that bringing young people from both continents closer together, through greater mutual understanding and stronger bonds, is essential for a lasting and equal partnership; calls for the strengthening of student and research exchange programmes such as Erasmus+, the creation of a political EU-Africa youth exchange programme and the Intra-Africa Academic Mobility Scheme to reach more EU and African students and researchers; calls, moreover, for increased support for African universities, vocational institutes and youth-led initiatives to strengthen skills, innovation and exchange;

32. Calls for the EU and its Member States to strengthen cooperation with the member states of the AU on asylum and migration, with a view to swiftly implementing the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, fighting disinformation, preventing irregular migration, combating migrant smuggling and human trafficking, and enhancing effective and dignified return, readmission and reintegration; underlines the added value of EU support for capacity building for border management in partner countries, including through the deployment of Frontex personnel to countries such as Mauritania and Senegal; highlights the ongoing debate about making development cooperation conditional on progress related to migration cooperation; calls for the establishment of tailor-made and mutually beneficial partnerships with those countries, addressing the root causes and drivers of irregular migration and forced displacement; calls for increased support for partner countries hosting large numbers of migrants and refugees in need of protection; stresses that all migration cooperation must respect international law and human rights;

22. Calls for a dedicated Africa-EU youth innovation fund to finance start-ups and community projects led by young entrepreneurs;

33. Acknowledges the vital role of diaspora communities in deepening ties between Africa and Europe; encourages structured dialogue with diaspora networks and support for initiatives that link remittances and entrepreneurship to sustainable development in countries of origin;

23. Recognises that migration is a shared reality and a potential source of opportunity for both continents when managed in a safe, legal and mutually beneficial way; stresses that both continents must jointly tackle the root causes of irregular migration, strengthen border management and combat human trafficking and smuggling networks; underlines that effective readmission and return policies are essential for cooperation on mobility and visa facilitation; calls for cooperation on well-regulated legal migration methods; emphasises that all migration must be safe, orderly and organised in full respect of human rights and international law;

34. Reiterates that gender equality and women’s empowerment are prerequisites for inclusive growth; urges both continents to uphold women’s rights, ensure access to education and sexual and reproductive health services, and combat gender-based violence and harmful practices;

24. Calls for the EU and the AU to uphold and promote women’s rights and gender equality, ensure access to education and the fulfilment of sexual and reproductive health and rights, promote women’s full, equal and meaningful participation in decision-making and on the labour market and combat gender-based violence and harmful practices; reiterates that gender equality and women’s empowerment are prerequisites for inclusive growth and sustainable development; calls for the EU to ensure dedicated funding for gender equality programmes in line with its Gender Action Plan III; calls for ambitious funding targets to advance SDG 5 on gender equality and empower women-led responses;

35. Supports joint programmes on social protection, digital inclusion and youth employment; calls for a dedicated Africa-Europe youth innovation fund under the Global Gateway strategy to finance start-ups and community projects led by young entrepreneurs;

25. Emphasises that health security is a shared global challenge and expresses concern that significant budget cuts in the sector threaten to undo decades of progress in global health, putting millions of lives at risk; welcomes EU support for the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, for vaccine manufacturing hubs and for the African Medicines Agency; stresses the EU’s vital role in funding life-saving health programmes, including HIV and AIDS prevention and treatment, and sexual and reproductive health programmes; calls for continued cooperation on pandemic preparedness, local pharmaceutical production and universal health coverage;

Climate, the environment and multilateral cooperation

26. Calls for joint progress36. onRecognises theclimate Africanchange singleas electricitya market,defining cross-bordercommon interconnectionschallenge and sustainable urbanisation;an callsopportunity for the EU toEU-Africa providecollaboration; itsstresses fairthe shareimportance of climate financecritical forraw Africanmaterials climatefor adaptationthe andenergy mitigation,transition supportingon initiativesboth suchcontinents; aswelcomes the GreatAfrica-Europe Green Wall and NaturAfrica thatEnergy combineInitiative, environmentalwhich protectionaims withto jobsgenerate and50 ruralGW development;of recognisesrenewable climateenergy changecapacity asin aAfrica sharedby challenge2030 and an opportunityprovide forelectricity Africa-EUaccess cooperation;to welcomes100 themillion Africa-Europepeople; Greencalls Energyfor Initiativejoint toimplementation deliverof 50the GWAfrican ofsingle renewableelectricity capacitymarket and electricity accesscross-border forinterconnections 100to millionenable peoplecontinental byenergy 2030;integration;

27. Calls for stronger AU-EU action and joint advocacy at Conference of the Parties meetings to secure fair climate finance, technology transfer and funding for the loss and damage fund; stresses that all major greenhouse gas emitters, including G20 members, must lead on implementing the Paris Agreement; welcomes Africa’s permanent G20 membership and supports greater African representation in global governance; proposes that the AU and the EU establish an annual high-level dialogue on climate and sustainability in order to monitor progress and align policies on energy, biodiversity and environmental protection;

37. Calls for the EU to deliver its fair share of climate financing for African adaptation and mitigation efforts, prioritising early warning systems, sustainable agriculture and biodiversity protection; supports African initiatives such as the Great Green Wall and NaturAfrica, which link environmental protection to job creation and rural development;

38. Encourages joint AU-EU advocacy and concrete actions, including at COP conferences, for stepping up equitable climate finance to reach the targets of the new global quantified goal adopted at COP29, and for technology transfer; calls for sufficient funding for the global Loss and Damage Fund to assist climate-vulnerable countries;

39. Underlines the particular responsibility of all major emitters, including emerging economies and G20 countries, to take the lead and show leadership in global climate action to meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement; calls for the EU and like-minded partners to spearhead a coalition of high ambition and work collaboratively with all parties to secure a successful outcome at COP30;

40. Highlights the need for cooperation on sustainable urbanisation, waste management and water security; encourages city-to-city partnerships between African and European municipalities to share experiences in green planning, mobility and resilience;

41. Welcomes the AU’s admission as a permanent member of the G20 and supports greater African representation in global governance, such as a permanent seat for Africa on the UN Security Council; supports regional integration organisations, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD); reiterates its readiness to provide further assistance and support, if desired; urges the AU and the EU to coordinate closely in multilateral forums to defend democracy, the rule of law and the multilateral system against authoritarian and unilateral trends;

42. Proposes that the AU and the EU establish an annual high-level dialogue on climate and sustainability in order to monitor progress and align policies on energy, biodiversity and environmental protection;

43. Underlines the great potential for cooperation in the field of natural resource exploration and recalls that cooperation on critical raw materials must ensure local processing, environmental protection and transparent and traceable supply chains;

Way forward

28.44. Welcomes the holding of the seventh EU-AU Summit in Luanda as a significant opportunity for African and European leaders to reaffirm their commitment to the EU-AU partnership;partnership and to build on the progress made under the Joint Vision for 2030, adopted in Brussels in 2022; calls on participants to seize this occasion to announce measurable commitments for the next five years, notably through the adoption of a joint action plan for 2025-2030, the implementation of the Joint Vision for 2030, a roadmap to double Africa-EU trade and investment by 2030, an agreement on mutual mobility and visa facilitation for students and researchers, and a renewed joint framework on digital transformation and green energy partnerships;

29.45. Urges the Commission and the EEASEuropean External Action Service to establish annual high-level dialogues with the AU Commission and Regional Economic Communities in four priority areas: peace and security, trade and economic cooperation, migration and mobility, and sustainability and climate action, in order to evaluate partnership priorities, monitor implementation and feed into both the AU-EU summit process and the EU’s multiannual financial framework; proposes that AU-EU consultations be institutionalised at ministerial and senior official level each year, ensuring continuous coordination, accountability and adaptive policy design;

30. Stresses the importance of strengthening the parliamentary dimension of the Africa-Europe partnership; calls for the organisation of a pre-summit meeting between Members of the European Parliament and members of the Pan-African Parliament to ensure that the voices of elected representatives from both continents help shape the agenda, priorities and outcomes of the upcoming EU-AU summit; underlines that such dialogue would enhance democratic legitimacy, foster mutual understanding and ensure that the summit’s conclusions reflect the concerns and aspirations of citizens across Africa and Europe; stresses also the importance of the meaningful engagement of civil society in the partnership and at summits;

46. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the President of the European Council, the President of the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Council, the African Union Commission, the Pan-African Parliament, the governments and parliaments of the EU Member States and African Union member states, and to the Secretaries-General of the United Nations and the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States.

31. Calls on its President to invite African heads of state to address Parliament on a more regular basis, ensuring balanced geographical representation and fostering deeper political dialogue between the two continents;

32. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the President of the European Council, the President of the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Council, the African Union Commission, the Pan-African Parliament, the governments and parliaments of the EU Member States and the African Union member states, and to the Secretaries-General of the United Nations and the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States.