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What changed
SHORT JUSTIFICATION
Directive 2008/99/EC falls short on implementation, is not in line with the development of EU environmental law and current challenges, and it leaves out large parts of EU environmental law and environmental destruction.
According to the UNEP and INTERPOL, environmental crimes are rising and have become the fourth largest criminal sector in the world putting at risk the environment, the biodiversity and the climate. Environmental criminality is growing at a rate of between 5 % and 7 % per year and growing two to three times faster than the global economy, and is now as lucrative as illegal drug trafficking. This type of criminality deprives countries and populations from billions of euros of economic revenues annually, threatens fundamental rights, fuels insecurity and organized crime, and puts social structures at risk.
This leads to a situation where the criminal justice response does not represent the situation on the ground. Despite the Directive, the number of cross border investigations and convictions has not grown substantially. Environmental crime is the fourth largest criminal activity and it is growing.
The current Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law aims primarily at improving environmental protection by means of harmonized criminal legislation. However, many shortcomings and loopholes have been identified, i.e. limited scope, inadequacy of sanctions, low levels of fines; lack of implementation and cooperation between Member States; lack of access to justice; lack of statistical data; lack of specialized jurisdictions, etc.
Environmental crime is a threat to the European economy and businesses. It is estimated that the annual revenues only from the illicit waste market in the EU are between EUR 4 billion and EUR 15 billion. It creates an unlevel playing field, as companies can, by avoiding liability, create financial benefit. This needs to be tackled. It is also strongly linked to international organised crime.
The Rapporteur welcomes the proposal made by the European Commission, notably regarding the broadening of its scope; the strengthening of its provisions related to criminal sanctions and the provision of mechanisms to protect environmental defenders. However, the Rapporteur believes that further changes are needed to tackle environmental crime effectively.
Environmental crime is a threat to our environment and human health. It can affect the quality of air and water, contaminate land, harm wild species and damage or destroy natural habitats. All this can have an impact on human and planetary health.
The Rapporteur proposes the inclusion of general and autonomous definitions of environmental offenses. Despite the growing number of environmental offenses, a harmonized definition of environmental crimes does not yet exist either at the worldwide or at European and national level. Instead, the current system relies upon a list of secondary legislation, leaving out large parts of EU environmental law. Therefore, introducing autonomous crimes would enable criminal liability for serious cases of environmental harm and give rights to the nature.
Every person has the right to live in a healthy environment. According to the treaties, the European Union is committed to ensuring a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment. According to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the Union is committed to a high level of human health and environmental protection. According to the Aarhus Convention, the Union is committed to the right of every person to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being. This is not always the case in reality. Environmental criminal law is also part of the implementation of the human right to health and a good environment.
The rapporteur is also in favour of introducing a crime of ecocide, in order to criminalize the most serious crimes to the environment. The EU should defend the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to cover criminal acts that amount to ecocide. In parallel, the EU and its Member States should take the lead for its recognition. The introduction of a crime of ecocide in the remit of this Directive is of particular importance to preventing and prosecuting the most serious transnational environmental crimes in both EU and third countries, including developing countries. The definition used is the one developed by the Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide published in June 2021, a group of international criminal lawyers, environmental lawyers and legal scholars. It is the most comprehensive and recent definitional work available at the moment.
Currently, the threshold for investigations is too high, which leads to lower detection, prosecution and sanctioning. The rapporteur believes that this needs to be strengthened along with widening the scope of the Directive, especially conduct that is committed in the awareness that it causes or is likely to cause human rights violations or substantial damage to the environment. In its gravest form, this could be considered as an ecocide.
Given the high financial impact of environmental offenses, their potential link with other serious financial crimes, as well as their cross-border nature, the European Public prosecutor would be best placed to exert its competences on the serious environmental crimes with a cross-border dimension. The Rapporteur recommends that the Commission should assess the possibility to extend the mandate of the EPPO, to include serious environmental crimes.
We have already exceeded five out of nine planetary boundaries, safe limits for humanity. This threatens the livelihood of the planet and our health. Also, the gravity of biodiversity degradation and climate change cause an existential threat to the livelihood. Neglecting and not acting on these threats could constitute an ecocide.
To investigate and prosecute environmental crime effectively, the Rapporteur suggests the development of specialized jurisdictions at national level that would be able to effectively detect, investigate, and prosecute environmental crime, as well as to cooperate with other Member States authorities, including through the sharing of good practices and expertise. Such bodies should be provided with adequate financial and human resources.
The focus should be on prevention and precaution. The operators have a duty to be aware and conduct proper due diligence. The duty to be precautionary and to be aware needs to be part of the general responsibilities of operators and actors. And that is why the Directive must also tackle cases of “willful blindness”, meaning the deliberate avoidance of knowledge of facts. It should not be possible for persons to shield themselves from culpability by turning a blind eye to the situation. As in other fields of criminal legislation, the main principle of criminality and sanctions stems from the harm done.
Acknowledging the crucial role played by civil society and environmental defenders, the Rapporteur proposes strengthening their protection, including against Strategic lawsuits against public participation as well as their capacity to stand in legal proceedings. To facilitate reporting of crime, contact points should be created at EU and national level.
If an offence causes or is likely to cause death or serious injury to any person or substantial damage or is serious, irreversible, or long-lasting, these should be considered aggravating circumstances, not mere criteria for a criminal offence. The extent of environmental harm should be considered in imposing a penalty rather than an element of the crime that must be proven to establish guilt. Furthermore, many offences are committed by simple negligence, and this should be sufficient for criminal liability. If not, we are raising the threshold for investigation.
Environmental crimes are very lucrative for perpetrators, the Rapporteur proposes several provisions in order to strengthen financial reparation obligation but also on confiscation of related assets.
The directive should also cover conduct that is unlawful even if it has the authorisation by a competent authority, if this authorisation is illegal, e.g., an environmental permit has been granted but is contrary to environmental laws.
In order to guarantee compensation to victims of environmental crimes and ensure effective ecological and environmental restoration, the Rapporteur proposes that Member States should establish a dedicated national fund to finance actions aimed at these purposes.
Harsher sanctions for lawbreakers and stronger enforcement are urgently needed. The sanctions need to be high enough to have the desired deterrence effect. The damage is often irreversible and permanent, and we need to create truly effective deterrence. The rapporteur fully supports the proposal to set sanctions for legal persons based on their total worldwide turnover (Article 7(4)), however, she proposes to increase the percentage to 15 to ensure truly effective deterrence.
As public authorities have a duty to set an example, there is no reason to exclude them from the obligations of this Directive, which is why the Rapporteur includes public authorities among the entities covered by the provisions of the Environmental Crime Directive.
Effective enforcement requires capacities, skills, knowledge and training along the full enforcement chain. This is why the rapporteur suggests and supports the efforts to raise awareness and the competencies of investigation, prosecution and judges, as well as the creation of specialised courts, public prosecutors and police force. Furthermore, due to the nature of environmental crime, the role of the European Public Prosecutor's Office should be strengthened in this regard, especially in cases where the Member States fail to act.
While the rapporteur fully supports the improvements in the data collection and statistics, she stresses the importance of transparency in this regard. The rapporteur proposes to make public the statistical data in addition to the consolidated reviews of the Member States.
ANNEX: LIST OF ENTITIES OR PERSONS FROM WHOM THE RAPPORTEUR HAS RECEIVED INPUT
The following list is drawn up on a purely voluntary basis under the exclusive responsibility of the rapporteur. The rapporteur has received input from the following entities in the preparation of the draft report:
AMENDMENTS
The Committee on the Environment,Civil PublicLiberties, HealthJustice and FoodHome SafetyAffairs calls on the Committee on Legal Affairs, as the committee responsible, to take into account the following amendments:
Amendment 1
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12
Amendment 2
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1 a (new)
Recital 3
Amendment 3
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13 ba (new)
Amendment 4
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1 c (new)
Recital 4
Amendment 5
Proposal for a directive
Recital 14 da (new)
Amendment 6
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1 e (new)
Recital 6
Amendment 7
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1 f (new)
Recital 7
Amendment 8
Proposal for a directive
Recital 28
Amendment 9
Proposal for a directive
Recital 39
Amendment 10
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3 a (new)
Recital 10
Amendment 11
Proposal for a directive
Recital 411
Amendment 12
Proposal for a directive
Recital 612
Amendment 13
Proposal for a directive
Recital 814
Amendment 14
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
Recital 14 a (new)
Amendment 15
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1015
Amendment 16
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 a (new)
Recital 16
Amendment 17
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1217
Amendment 18
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1217 a (new)
Amendment 19
Proposal for a directive
Recital 13
Recital 17 b (new)
Amendment 20
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1419
Amendment 21
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1520
Amendment 22
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1621
Amendment 23
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16 a (new)
Recital 22
Amendment 24
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1723
Amendment 25
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1924
Amendment 26
Proposal for a directive
Recital 20
Recital 24 a (new)
Amendment 27
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21
Recital 24 b (new)
Amendment 28
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2225
Amendment 29
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2326
Amendment 30
Proposal for a directive
Recital 23 a (new)
Recital 28
Amendment 31
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2429
Amendment 32
Proposal for a directive
Recital 24 a (new)
Recital 30
Amendment 33
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2430 ba (new)
Amendment 34
Proposal for a directive
Recital 24 c (new)
Recital 32
Amendment 35
Proposal for a directive
Recital 25
Article 1 – paragraph 1
Directive 2008/99/EC
Article 1
Amendment 36
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 a (new)
Amendment 37
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point b
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 38
Proposal for a directive
Recital 26 b (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 b (new)
Amendment 39
Proposal for a directive
Recital 28
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 c (new)
Amendment 40
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 d (new)
Amendment 41
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 e (new)
Amendment 42
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30 b (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – paragraph 1
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 43
Proposal for a directive
Recital 31 a (new)
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 44
Proposal for a directive
Recital 32
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 4
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 45
Proposal for a directive
Recital 33
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 5 a (new)
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 46
Proposal for a directive
Recital 33 a (new)
Article 3 – paragraph -1 (new)
Directive 2008/99/EC
Amendment 47
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 1 – introductory part
Amendment 48
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – subparagraph 1 – point ba
Article 3
Amendment 49
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – subparagraph 2b
Article 3
Amendment 50
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 2c – introductory part
Article 3
Amendment 51
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 2c a– (new)paragraph 1
Amendment 52
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 3e – introductory part
Amendment 53
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5e a– (new)point i
Amendment 54
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5e b– (new)point ii
Amendment 55
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 c (new)f
Amendment 56
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 d (new)h
Amendment 57
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 e (new)i
Amendment 58
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 f (new)k
Amendment 59
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5k ga (new)
Amendment 60
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 h (new)l
Amendment 61
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5 i (new)m
Amendment 62
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5m ja (new)
Amendment 63
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 1 – point 5n ka (new)
Amendment 64
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – introductorypoint partn b (new)
Amendment 65
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point an c (new)
Amendment 66
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point bo
Amendment 67
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c – subparagraph 1p – introductorypoint partii
Amendment 68
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c – subparagraph 1 – pointa iii(new)
Amendment 69
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c – subparagraph 1 – point iv a (new)2
Amendment 70
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c – subparagraph 13 – point iv bintroductory (new)part
Amendment 71
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point c – subparagraph 13 – point via a (new)
Amendment 72
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 13 – point c – subparagraph 2b
Amendment 73
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 13 – point c a (new)e
Amendment 74
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 13 – point ce ba (new)
Amendment 75
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 13 – point ce cb (new)
Amendment 76
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 13 – point de ac (new)
Amendment 77
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 14 – point d bintroductory (new)part
Amendment 78
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 14 – point e – introductory parta
Amendment 79
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 14 – point e –c pointa i(new)
Amendment 80
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 14 – point e –c pointb ii(new)
Amendment 81
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 14 – point hc c (new)
Amendment 82
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – pointintroductory ipart
Amendment 83
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – point ja
Amendment 84
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – point kc
Amendment 85
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – point k a (new)d
Amendment 86
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – point ld a (new)
Amendment 87
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 15 – point ld ab (new)
Amendment 88
Proposal for a directive
Article 34 – paragraph 1 – point l b (new)
Amendment 89
Proposal for a directive
Article 34 – paragraph 1 – point m2
Amendment 90
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point n
Amendment 91
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point n a (new)2
Amendment 92
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point n b (new)3
Amendment 93
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point o4
Amendment 94
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 1 – point p5 – pointintroductory iipart
Amendment 95
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 – point r a (new)
Amendment 96
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 – point r b (new)
Amendment 97
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 – point rb ca (new)
Amendment 98
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 – point r d (new)c
Amendment 99
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 – point r e (new)d
Amendment 100
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 15 a– (new)point f
Amendment 101
Proposal for a directive
Article 35 – paragraph 25 a (new)
Amendment 102
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 21 a– (new)introductory part
Amendment 103
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 3 – introductory part2
Amendment 104
Proposal for a directive
Article 36 – paragraph 3 – point c
Amendment 105
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 3 – point d1
Amendment 106
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 32 – point e aintroductory (new)part
Amendment 107
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 32 – point e b (new)
Amendment 108
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 32 – point eb ca (new)
Amendment 109
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 32 – point e d (new)c
Amendment 110
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 42 – introductorypoint partd
Amendment 111
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 42 – point aj
Amendment 112
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 42 – point b a (new)k
Amendment 113
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 4 – point c a (new)3
Amendment 114
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 4 – point c b (new)
Amendment 115
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5 –4 introductorya part(new)
Amendment 116
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5 – point b
Amendment 117
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5 –6 pointa c(new)
Amendment 118
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5 – point c6 ab (new)
Amendment 119
Proposal for a directive
Article 37 – paragraph 5 – point6 c b (new)
Amendment 120
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 51 – point d a (new)
Amendment 121
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 51 – point d b (new)
Amendment 122
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 51 – point db ca (new)
Amendment 123
Proposal for a directive
Article 38 – paragraph 51 a– point b b (new)
Amendment 124
Proposal for a directive
Article 48 – paragraph 1 – point b c (new)
Amendment 125
Proposal for a directive
Article 48 – paragraph 21 – point c
Amendment 126
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)
Amendment 127
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 31 – point d
Amendment 128
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 41 – point d a (new)
Amendment 129
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 41 a– (new)point e
Amendment 130
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 41 b– (new)point f
Amendment 131
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 51 – point j a (new)
Amendment 132
Proposal for a directive
Article 58 – paragraph 51 – point aj ab (new)
Amendment 133
Proposal for a directive
Article 59 – paragraph 51 – point ba
Amendment 134
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – point c
Article 9 a (new)
Amendment 135
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 510 – point dtitle
Amendment 136
Proposal for a directive
Article 510 – paragraph 5 – point e1
Amendment 137
Proposal for a directive
Article 510 – paragraph 5 – point e1 a (new)
Amendment 138
Proposal for a directive
Article 510 – paragraph 5 – point e1 b (new)
Amendment 139
Proposal for a directive
Article 510 – paragraph 5 – point g1 ac (new)
Amendment 140
Proposal for a directive
Article 511 – paragraph 5 – point g b (new)1
Amendment 141
Proposal for a directive
Article 611 – paragraph 12 – introductorypoint parta
Amendment 142
Proposal for a directive
Article 611 – paragraph 12 – point ab
Amendment 143
Proposal for a directive
Article 611 – paragraph 12 – point bc
Amendment 144
Proposal for a directive
Article 612 – paragraph 1 – pointintroductory cpart
Amendment 145
Proposal for a directive
Article 612 – paragraph 21 – point d
Amendment 146
Proposal for a directive
Article 612 – paragraph 31 – point d a (new)
Amendment 147
Proposal for a directive
Article 612 – paragraph 32 b– (new)introductory part
Amendment 148
Proposal for a directive
Article 712 – paragraph 12 – point a
Amendment 149
Proposal for a directive
Article 712 – paragraph 12 a– (new)point b
Amendment 150
Proposal for a directive
Article 712 – paragraph 2 – point ac
Article 12
Amendment 151
Proposal for a directive
Article 712 – paragraph 2 – pointsubparagraph b1
Amendment 152
Proposal for a directive
Article 712 – paragraph 2 – point c3
Amendment 153
Proposal for a directive
Article 7 – paragraph 2 – point d
Article 12 a (new)
Amendment 154
Proposal for a directive
Article 713 – paragraph 2 – point e1
Amendment 155
Proposal for a directive
Article 713 – paragraph 2 – point g a (new)
Amendment 156
Proposal for a directive
Article 713 – paragraph 2 – pointa j(new)
Amendment 157
Proposal for a directive
Article 713 – paragraph 2 – point j ab (new)
Amendment 158
Proposal for a directive
Article 713 – paragraph 2 – point k ac (new)
Amendment 159
Proposal for a directive
Article 714 – paragraph 3title
Amendment 160
Proposal for a directive
Article 714 – paragraph 41
Amendment 161
Proposal for a directive
Article 714 – paragraph 51 a (new)
Amendment 162
Proposal for a directive
Article 714 – paragraph 51 ab (new)
Amendment 163
Proposal for a directive
Article 815 – paragraph 1 – point -a (new)
Amendment 164
Proposal for a directive
Article 816 – paragraph 1 – point a
Amendment 165
Proposal for a directive
Article 817 – paragraph 1 – point b
Amendment 166
Proposal for a directive
Article 818 – paragraph 1 – point b a (new)
Amendment 167
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point b c (new)
Article 19 – title
Amendment 168
Proposal for a directive
Article 819 – paragraph 1 – point cd
Amendment 169
Proposal for a directive
Article 819 – paragraph 1 – point de
Amendment 170
Proposal for a directive
Article 819 – paragraph 1 – pointsubparagraph e1
Amendment 171
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 1 – point f19 a (new)
Amendment 172
Proposal for a directive
Article 820 – paragraph 1 – point i aintroductory (new)part
Amendment 173
Proposal for a directive
Article 820 – paragraph 1 – point j a (new)c
Amendment 174
Proposal for a directive
Article 820 – paragraph 1 – point j b (new)f
Amendment 175
Proposal for a directive
Article 821 – paragraph 12 – point j c (new)b
Amendment 176
Proposal for a directive
Article 921 – paragraph 12 – introductorypoint partc
Amendment 177
Proposal for a directive
Article 921 – paragraph 12 – point ad
Amendment 178
Proposal for a directive
Article 1021 – paragraph 12 – point d a (new)
Amendment 179
Proposal for a directive
Article 1021 – paragraph 12 a– point d b (new)
Amendment 180
Proposal for a directive
Article 1021 – paragraph 12 b– point g a (new)
Amendment 181
Proposal for a directive
Article 1021 – paragraph 1 b (new) – point a (new)3
Amendment 182
Proposal for a directive
Article 1021 – paragraph 1 b (new) – point b (new)5
Amendment 183
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1 c (new)
Article 24 a (new)
Amendment 184
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1 d (new)
Amendment 185
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – title
Amendment 186
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 1
Amendment 187
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 188
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 1 b (new)
Amendment 189
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 2 – introductory part
Amendment 190
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 2 – point a
Amendment 191
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 192
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 2 – point c
Amendment 193
Proposal for a directive
Article 11 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
Amendment 194
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point d
Amendment 195
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)
Amendment 196
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 1 – point d b (new)
Amendment 197
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part
Amendment 198
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point a
Amendment 199
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1 – point c
Amendment 200
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Amendment 201
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Amendment 202
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 1
Amendment 203
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 2
Amendment 204
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Amendment 205
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 2 b (new)
Amendment 206
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – title
Amendment 207
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph -1
Amendment 208
Proposal for a directive
Article 14 – paragraph 1
Amendment 209
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 1
Amendment 210
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 1
Amendment 211
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 212
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1
Amendment 213
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 214
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1
Amendment 215
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 a (new)
Amendment 216
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 b (new)
Amendment 217
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)
Amendment 218
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 a (new)
Amendment 219
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point a
Amendment 220
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point c
Amendment 221
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)
Amendment 222
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point e a (new)
Amendment 223
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – point f
Amendment 224
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 2
Amendment 225
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 2 – point b
Amendment 226
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 2 – point c
Amendment 227
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 2 – point g
Amendment 228
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 3
Amendment 229
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 4
Amendment 230
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 4 a (new)
Amendment 231
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1
Amendment 232
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 2 – point a
Amendment 233
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 2 a (new)
Amendment 234
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – title
Amendment 235
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 1
Amendment 236185
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 2
Amendment 237186
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3
Amendment 238
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3 a (new)
Amendment 239
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3 b (new)
Amendment 240
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3 c (new)
Amendment 241
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3 d (new)
Amendment 242
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3 e (new)
Amendment 243
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 a (new)
PROCEDURE – COMMITTEE ASKED FOR OPINION
FINAL VOTE BY ROLL CALL IN COMMITTEE ASKED FOR OPINION