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OPINION (COM(2021)0206 – C90146/2021 – 2021/0106(COD))

On the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence act) and amending certain union legislative acts

TRAN-AD-730085

Committee on Transport and Tourism · Rapporteur: Josianne Cutajar

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The Committee on Transport and Tourism gives its opinion on the proposed Artificial Intelligence Act, asking the lead committees to take account of its amendments. It wants the AI Act not to overlap with existing transport sectoral legislation, to respect international standards, and to protect research and innovation. The amendments add environment protection to the regulation's objectives, exclude AI systems used solely for research and development from its scope, and require sectoral transport legislation to prevail over the AI Act. They also strengthen rules on data quality, human oversight, transparency for transport workers managed by algorithms, and access for small and medium-sized enterprises to regulatory sandboxes.

Committee position. The Committee on Transport and Tourism calls on the lead committees to take into account its amendments, which aim to ensure the AI Act does not overlap with transport sectoral legislation, respects international standards, and fosters research and innovation while protecting workers and the environment.

Key points

  1. The AI Act should not impose double or conflicting obligations on transport actors, and sectoral transport legislation should prevail over it.
  2. International standards for AI safety in transport should be respected and integrated into EU law, and the EU should participate in developing global standards.
  3. Research and innovation in AI for transport should be fostered, and AI systems developed and used solely for research and development should be excluded from the regulation's scope.
  4. The regulation should contribute to the green and digital transition, and providers should document the environmental impact of AI systems.
  5. The definition of an AI system is amended to cover systems receiving data, inferring how to achieve objectives, and generating outputs, including generative AI.
  6. AI systems used to manage transport workers, including via digital labour platforms, should protect workers' rights and promote transparency, fairness and accountability in algorithmic management.
  7. Individuals should have the right to object to decisions taken solely or significantly by an AI system that produce legal or similarly significant effects.
  8. High-risk AI systems must meet requirements on data quality, technical documentation, transparency, human oversight, and robustness, accuracy and cybersecurity.
  9. Human oversight measures should allow operators to understand, monitor, override or stop AI systems, unless human intervention would compromise safety.
  10. Regulatory sandboxes should be established and made widely accessible, with priority access for small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups.
  11. The European Artificial Intelligence Board should consult stakeholders regularly, including industry, SMEs, civil society and academia.
  12. The Commission should evaluate the regulation's impact on energy use and environmental impact every two years.

Who is affected

  • Transport sector: aviation, road, rail and maritime operators, whose sectoral safety rules should prevail over the AI Act.
  • Transport workers managed by AI systems, including those on digital labour platforms, who gain rights to transparency and objection.
  • Small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups, which get priority access to regulatory sandboxes and lighter documentation rules.
  • Providers of high-risk AI systems, who must meet data quality, documentation, transparency and cybersecurity requirements.
  • National competent authorities and notified bodies, which must have adequate resources and respect confidentiality.

Figures and deadlines

  • At least two natural persons must verify and confirm identification results from AI systems referred to in point 1(a) of Annex III.
  • The Board shall organise consultations with stakeholders at least twice a year.
  • The Commission shall evaluate the regulation's environmental impact within two years after the date of application and every two years thereafter.