What changed

B100306/2025

B100308/2025

European Parliament resolution on the human cost of Russia’s war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression: the situation of illegally detained civilians and prisoners of war, and the continued bombing of civilians

(2025/2710(RSP))

– having regard to its previous resolutions on Ukraine and on Russia, in particular those adopted following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula on 19situation Februaryin 2014,Ukraine,

– having regard to the UNCharter Charter,of the Hague Conventions, theUnited GenevaNations, Conventionsin andparticular theirArticle additional2(4) protocols,thereof, and the Rome Statute of theto InternationalUN CriminalGeneral CourtAssembly (ICC),resolutions,

– having regard to the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, and to the accompanying Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the European Union and Ukraine, signed in 2014,

– having regard to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,

– having regard to the European Council’s decision of 14 December 2023 to open accession negotiations with Ukraine, following the Commission’s positive recommendation of 8 November 2023 in this regard,

– having regard to the Joint Statement of the Foreign Ministers’ Meeting on the conclusion of the work of the Core Group on the Establishment of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine, adopted in Lviv, Ukraine, on 9 May 2025 (the Lviv Statement),

– having regard to Regulationthe (EU)Agreement 2024/792signed ofon 25 June 2025 in Strasbourg between the EuropeanPresident Parliamentof Ukraine and the Secretary General of the Council of 29Europe Februaryon 2024the establishingestablishment theof Ukrainea Facility,Special andTribunal tofor otherthe formsCrime of EU supportAggression foragainst Ukraine,

– having regard to all relevant resolutions by the United Nations General Assemblyreports and Security Council,conclusions inof particularthe UN GeneralIndependent AssemblyInternational ResolutionCommission ES-11/7of adoptedInquiry on 24 February 2025,Ukraine,

– having regard to the NATO Washington Summit Declaration of 10 July 2024 and he Hague Summit Declaration of 25 June 2025,

– having regard to the testimonies of former detained civilians and prisoners of war (POWs) who experienced torture and violence and witnessed their use, including executions, against fellow soldiers and fellow detainees,

– having regard to credible reports concerning mercenaries drawn into a distant war by the Russian Federation, often through deception or coercion,

– having regard to Rule 136(2) of its Rules of Procedure,

A. whereas the Russian Federation has been waging acontinues brutal,its illegal, unprovoked and unjustified full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine sincein 24violation Februaryof 2022;international law and the Charter of the United Nations, accompanied by systematic violations of international humanitarian law and war crimes, including the unlawful detention of prisoners of war and civilians, all of which amount to crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide;

B. whereas Russia’s aggression against Ukraine did not begin in February 2022, but in 2014, with the illegal occupation and annexation of Crimea and parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions;

B. whereas reports of enforced disappearances, systematic use of torture, inhumane treatment and extrajudicial executions of Ukrainian detainees held in Russian custody have been compiled by the UN, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and other international organisations;

C. whereas Russia’s aggression against Ukraine caused the largest forced displacement of civilians in Europe since World War II, with 10 million Ukrainians – mostly women and children – displaced, including 7 million who have found refuge abroad;

C. whereas the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine is investigating the execution of 268 Ukrainian POWs, including 208 who were executed on the battlefield and 59 in the ‘Olenivka’ colony;

D. whereas Russia continues unabated to commit heinous war crimes against innocent civilians; whereas according to the Ukrainian authorities, approximately 16 000 Ukrainian civilians are known to be currently detained in Russia, although the real figures are likely to be significantly higher; whereas more than 70 000 Ukrainians – including civilians, children, and military personnel – are officially listed as missing;

D. whereas, according to the UN, more than 95 % of Ukrainian POWs were tortured in Russia;

E. whereas, since February 2022, the Russian authorities have systematically carried out enforced disappearances against large numbers of Ukrainian civilians, detaining individuals with no military affiliation on baseless and fabricated charges; with their fate and whereabouts remaining unknown, leaving their families in agonising uncertainty;

E. whereas 27-year-old Ukrainian journalist Viktoriia Roshchyna was captured by Russian forces in the summer of 2023 and was subsequently held captive; whereas in October 2024, her family received a letter from the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation stating that she had died; whereas on 24 April 2025, the Ukrainian authorities announced the repatriation of the 27-year-old’s body; whereas prior to the return of the body, multiple internal organs had been removed; whereas Roshchyna’s body showed numerous signs of torture and brutal treatment, including abrasions and bruises, a broken rib, neck injuries and possible signs of electrical burns to her feet; whereas Russia has a pattern of returning prisoners’ bodies with internal organs removed;

F. whereas, according to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, at least 29 civilians have died in custody in Russian detention facilities, and 170 have been executed in areas under Russian control since February 2022; whereas according to the Centre for Civil Liberties, at least 7 000 civilians are being held captive in the Russian Federation and in the occupied territories of Ukraine;

F. whereas thousands of Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilians remain in Russian captivity; whereas most of them have been denied access to medical care, communication with their families or independent humanitarian monitoring; whereas such treatment is aimed at breaking the spirit of those already disarmed and vulnerable; whereas torture is reportedly used to extract false confessions or testimonies intended to support even the most absurd narratives of Russian propaganda;

G. whereas throughout the process of enforced disappearances, Russian authorities have consistently failed to inform the families of the fate or location of their loved ones; whereas multiple responses from various authorities have likewise failed to provide any meaningful information;

G. whereas in early June 2025, following negotiations held in Istanbul, Ukraine and Russia reached a limited humanitarian agreement to exchange more than 1 000 POWs from both sides, specifically prioritising the release of wounded, seriously ill and young soldiers under 25 years of age;

H. whereas enforced disappearances by Russia are part of a widespread, systematic, and coordinated assault against Ukraine’s civilian population;

H. whereas several exchanges have taken place throughout June 2025, including the return of Ukrainian servicepeople suffering from dystrophy, ulcers, and cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions, as well as the handover of the remains of fallen soldiers;

I. whereas in April 2024, the authorities of the Russian Federation announced a massive increase in investment in penal infrastructure from RUB 105 billion to RUB 1.113 trillion, equivalent to an increase of approximately EUR 11 billion, which includes building new pre-trial detention centres and correctional facilities in Russia and in the occupied territories of Ukraine;

I. whereas while these exchanges offer temporary humanitarian relief, they fall significantly short of the comprehensive obligations imposed on the Russian Federation by international humanitarian law;

J. whereas the Russian authorities have systematically employed torture and other forms of inhumane and degrading treatment against numerous illegally detained Ukrainian civilians; whereas the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine has found evidence of Russia using rape and sexual violence as means of torture against both male and female detainees;

J. whereas Russia has not provided full lists or transparent accounting of the numbers, locations or conditions of Ukrainian detainees, nor has it granted unfettered access to independent humanitarian actors, such as the International Community of the Red Cross (ICRC), or contact with families; whereas the Department for Combating Crimes Committed in Armed Conflict of the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine has identified 49 permanent detention sites for Ukrainian POWs on the territory of the Russian Federation and 16 sites in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, as well as 6 detention sites for Ukrainian civilians;

K. whereas Russia refuses to disclose the number of Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) currently being held in Russia; whereas Russian authorities are blatantly failing to meet their obligations under the Geneva Conventions to allow international representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to visit the prisoners and to transmit the relevant information to the ICRC, state authorities and the families of POWs;

K. whereas the Joint Statement adopted in Lviv on 9 May 2025 by the Foreign Ministers participating in the Core Group on the Establishment of the Special Tribunal reaffirms the critical importance of holding those who bear the responsibility for the crime of aggression accountable through a Tribunal that will operate in full compliance with international law and human rights standards;

L. whereas Ukrainian POWs and civilian captives are being subjected to starvation, denial of medical care, beatings, various types of coercion, and physical, sexual and psychological violence;

L. whereas more than 70 000 Ukrainians are listed as missing, and more than 16 000 Ukrainian civilians are being held in Russian prisons; whereas among the detained civilians are Ukrainian artists, including military orchestra musicians, who have been unlawfully classified by Russia as POWs; whereas this reflects a broader Russian strategy of targeting cultural figures and those serving Ukraine in symbolic or morale-boosting roles;

M. whereas according to the Ukrainian authorities, more than 150 Ukrainian POWs have been executed after having surrendered; whereas there has been a sharp increase in executions of Ukrainian POWs by Russian forces since 2024; whereas the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine is currently investigating the execution of 268 Ukrainian POWs;

M. whereas the taking and detention of civilians as hostages is expressly prohibited under international humanitarian law; whereas this practice is being systematically applied by the Russian Federation against Ukrainian civilians in occupied territories and beyond;

N. whereas on 23-25 May a three-day prisoner exchange took place following agreements reached between Ukraine and Russia, whereby 1 000 Ukrainian and 1 000 Russian POWs were released;

N. whereas as of June 2025, Russia has illegally imprisoned 221 people in the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on ethnic, religious and political grounds, including 133 Crimean Tatars;

O. whereas according to the ‘Bring Kids Back UA’ and the Yale Humanitarian Research Lab initiative, since February 2022 around 20 000 Ukrainian children have been forcibly deported to Russia and Belarus or detained in temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories, with only 1 366 returned and 637 confirmed dead; whereas the real figures are assumed to be much higher, as these transfers and deportations continue;

O. whereas over 5 600 Ukrainians have been documented as victims of torture in criminal proceedings;

P. whereas, on 17 March 2023, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova for their responsibility in the war crime of unlawful transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children;

P. whereas since the beginning of 2025, the Russian army has launched nearly 27 700 guided aerial bombs, almost 11 200 Shahed drones, around 9 000 other types of attack drones and more than 700 missiles, including ballistic missiles;

1. Condemns, in the strongest possible terms, Russia’s continued war of aggression against Ukraine; demands that Russia immediately terminate all military activities in Ukraine and unconditionally withdraw all forces and military equipment from the entire internationally recognised territory of Ukraine;

Q. whereas in June 2025, Russia used around 2 800 attack drones, nearly 3 000 guided aerial bombs and 140 missiles of various types against Ukraine;

2. Confirms its unwavering commitment to the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, within its internationally recognised borders, and reiterates its policy of non-recognition of Ukrainian territories temporarily occupied by Russia, including Crimea; strongly underlines Ukraine’s inherent right to self-defence, in line with Article 51 of the UN Charter, which entails the right to strike military targets on Russian soil;

R. whereas Russian forces continue to carry out systematic drone attacks on Ukrainian cities bordering the front line, targeting civilians in the course of their daily activities, including by striking ambulances and rescue personnel; whereas the use of drones against clearly identifiable civilian targets, the dissemination of footage of these killings and the posting of explicit threats on social media demonstrate a coordinated state policy aimed at terrorising the population and forcing displacement;

3. Reaffirms its unwavering solidarity with the people of Ukraine in the heroic defence of their nation, their land, and shared European values; reiterates its belief that a strong, independent and democratic Ukraine is vital for Europe’s security, stability and prosperity;

S. whereas the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights estimates the number of civilians killed in Ukraine since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion stands at 13 341 with a further 32 744 people injured;

4. Condemns Vladimir Putin’s revisionist and imperialist rhetoric, treacherous propaganda and barbaric ideology; denounces the systematic attempts by the Russian government to erase Ukraine’s language, culture and identity; condemns the latest public statement during the St Petersburg Economic Forum again claiming that the Russians and Ukrainians are one people and suggesting that where Russian soldiers’ boots stand becomes Russia;

T. whereas these numbers underestimate the true toll due to monitoring difficulties, especially on Ukrainian territories that are currently under Russia’s occupation;

5. Stresses that Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has shattered peace and stability in Europe and gravely undermined global security; underscores that Russia remains the most significant and direct threat to European security;

U. whereas in May 2025 alone at least 183 civilians were killed and 836 were injured in Ukraine as a result of Russia’s strikes;

6. Reiterates that Russia bears sole responsibility for its war of aggression and that there can be no impunity for violations of human rights, war crimes or other breaches of international law committed by Russian forces and officials; expresses deep outrage at Russia’s brutal attacks on civilians and its indiscriminate targeting of civilian infrastructure; demands that Russia immediately cease all brutal attacks on Ukraine’s civilian population and critical infrastructure; stresses that the systematic and deliberate targeting of civilians constitutes part of a genocidal strategy orchestrated and executed by the Russian government;

1. Expresses its strongest condemnation of the continued unlawful detention, enforced disappearance, systematic torture and inhumane treatment of Ukrainian POWs and civilians by the Russian Federation, in flagrant violation of the Geneva Conventions and the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law;

7. Fully supports the ICC in its ongoing investigations of the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian Federation; welcomes the recent agreement between the Council of Europe and Ukraine on the establishment of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine; emphasises that all those responsible for war crimes perpetrated in Ukraine must be held accountable and stresses that justice is essential for any sustainable peace;

2. Strongly deplores Russia’s indiscriminate attacks on Ukraine’s civilian areas, including its systematic drone attacks, which are a part of a coordinated state policy, and expresses its strongest condemnation of Russia’s blatant disregard for human life;

8. Reiterates its condemnation of Russia’s forcible deportation, illegal detention and inhumane treatment of countless Ukrainian civilians; demands that Russia immediately provide families with accurate information regarding the whereabouts and health conditions of detainees and subsequently calls for the immediate release of all Ukrainian civilians currently held captive by the Russian authorities; underscores that the forced displacement, unlawful detention, and mistreatment of Ukrainian civilians exemplify the intrinsic brutality of the Russian regime and its flagrant disregard for human life; strongly condemns the gruesome tactics deployed by the Russian authorities against both Ukrainian civilians and POWs; deplores the widespread and systematic use of terror in Ukraine’s occupied territories, aimed at intimidating the civilian population, stifling resistance and political dissent, suppressing civic activism, and eradicating the Ukrainian language and national identity;

3. Highlights the need to ensure a stable, predictable and timely supply of weapons and ammunition in larger quantities to Ukraine in order to increase Ukraine’s capabilities to defend itself and its citizens;

9. Strongly condemns the violent actions of the Russian Federation and the complicity of Belarus in the mistreatment of Ukrainian children, including murder, torture and criminal prosecution, forced transfer and deportation, sexual abuse and exploitation, forced Russification and militarisation; denounces the forced imposition of Russian citizenship on deported children and their state-sponsored adoption by Russian families as part of a deliberate policy of forced assimilation; demands that Russia disclose the identities and locations of all deported Ukrainian children and ensure their safe, unconditional return; urges the EU to hold those responsible to account and to sanction individuals and entities implicated in these crimes;

4. Urges the Russian Federation to immediately agree to and implement a comprehensive ‘all-for-all’ exchange of POWs with Ukraine, in accordance with its obligations under international humanitarian law and the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War; stresses that such an exchange is a humanitarian imperative and a vital step towards alleviating the suffering of detainees and their families; calls for the EU and its international partners to exert pressure on Moscow in order to facilitate this process;

10. Demands that, in line with Russia’s obligations under the respective Geneva Conventions, Russia grant international representatives of the ICRC immediate access to POW camps and other sites where Ukrainian soldiers or civilians are being held captive;

5. Strongly condemns the systematic execution of Ukrainian POWs by Russian forces as a grave and egregious violation of the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War and of international humanitarian law; calls for accountability at all levels, including political and military leadership; calls for increased support to Ukrainian and international judicial bodies documenting and prosecuting these atrocities;

11. Reaffirms the EU’s steadfast commitment to the reconstruction of Ukraine and reiterates its readiness to contribute to rebuilding Ukraine’s economy and infrastructure; stresses the strategic importance of the Ukraine Facility in reinforcing Ukraine’s resilience, accelerating its recovery, and supporting its path toward sustainable development and EU membership;

6. Demands an immediate end to all atrocities committed by Russian forces in Ukraine and calls for independent, impartial and international investigations to ensure that all perpetrators – including those who directly carried out abuses and those who ordered or enabled them – are held fully accountable; underlines that, together with its international partners, the EU will ensure that all those responsible – at every level of the Russian state – face justice;

12. Condemns the Russian State Duma’s protocol adopted on 24 June 2025 allowing the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to deploy their troops on the territory of other members in the event of armed conflict, threats, crisis situations, and military exercises; condemns this step as a clear attempt by Russia to further scale up its relentless attacks on Ukraine by forcibly mobilising troops from neighbouring and allied states;

7. Urges the Russian Federation to immediately release the imprisoned Ukrainian civilians, including artists, military orchestra musicians, journalists and other civil society representatives;

13. Condemns Belarus’s direct involvement in Russia’s brutal war of aggression against Ukraine; welcomes the release of Belarus opposition leader Siarhei Tsikhanouski and 13 other prisoners; recalls that over 1 400 political prisoners continue to be unlawfully detained in Belarus and calls for their immediate and unconditional release;

8. Welcomes the Joint Lviv Statement of 9 May 2025 and the conclusion of the technical and legal work of the Core Group, which marks a decisive milestone in the creation of a Special Tribunal within the framework of the Council of Europe;

14. Commends the Ukrainian armed forces for their recent offensives near Toretsk and Kherson and pays tribute to their extraordinary resilience and determination;

9. Supports the 25 June 2025 Agreement between Ukraine and the Council of Europe and welcomes the adoption of the Statute of the Special Tribunal, which ensures the Tribunal’s independence, jurisdiction, and capacity to hold high-ranking state officials accountable for the crime of aggression;

15. Urges the Member States and their defence industries to invest in and partner with Ukraine’s defence industry in order to maximise the full potential of its production capabilities and to integrate it into EU defence initiatives and make it part of the European defence technological and industrial base; welcomes Ukraine’s efforts to strengthen its domestic defence industrial base, including through the production of drones and other critical technologies;

10. Stresses that the Special Tribunal is a necessary and complementary mechanism to the International Criminal Court, enabling the prosecution of crimes committed by the aggressor against Ukraine and its population;

16. Underscores the significant damage EU economic sanctions are inflicting upon Russia; urges the current momentum to be taken advantage of to further weaken the Russian economy as it heads towards recession;

11. Urges all Member States, the Council, the Commission, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the candidate countries and democratic partners to support the Tribunal; highlights the need for legal assistance, diplomatic engagement and operational resources to make accountability for the crime of aggression an enduring pillar of the EU’s foreign and security policy;

17. Draws attention to recent statements by Russia’s Minister for Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov and Russian Central Bank Governor Elvira Nabiullina, who publicly addressed the risk of a looming recession and the precarious foundations underpinning Russia’s current growth rates;

12. Calls on the Russian Federation to immediately disclose the identities, locations and health conditions of all Ukrainian prisoners of war and detained civilians, and to grant full, immediate and unimpeded access to the ICRC, UN bodies and other impartial international observers;

18. Calls for all necessary steps to be taken to avoid the circumvention of sanctions, in particular by targeting Russia’s ‘shadow fleet’ vessels; calls for a full ban on Russian liquefied natural gas, oil and raw materials; underlines the importance of adopting the 18th sanctions package without further delay; calls on Member States that are blocking the adoption of the latest sanctions package to follow other Member States that successfully found alternative sources of gas deliveries;

13. Condemns in the strongest possible terms the unlawful detention of Ukrainian civilian journalists by the Russian Federation; recalls in this context the horrific case of journalist Viktoriia Roshchyna; considers such acts a direct assault on press freedom, democratic values and international law; calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all journalists held in Russian custody and stresses that their continued detention constitutes a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions;

19. Recalls that military support to Ukraine must be sufficient to stop Russia’s war of aggression and allow Ukraine to liberate all its people, re-establish full control over its territory within its internationally recognised borders and deter any further aggression by Russia; recalls that Europe has already supported Ukraine with EUR 50 billion in military aid but underlines that further assistance is required and that such support now depends largely on Europe itself; urges the Member States to provide more arms and ammunition to Ukraine before any negotiations are concluded; denounces any attempts to put pressure on Ukraine to cede occupied territory, in which the population is exposed to continued repression, violence, forced disappearances, illegal detentions, deportations and other forms of systemic terror;

14. Urges the EU and its Member States to support the creation of an independent international investigative mechanism or the appointment of a Special Rapporteur under the auspices of the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or the Council of Europe to monitor the situation of detained journalists in Russian-occupied territories; calls for this mechanism to collect evidence, assess detention conditions and advocate for accountability, in line with the EU’s commitment to press freedom and the rule of law;

20. Expresses its full support for any efforts directed towards achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine on terms that are acceptable to Ukraine and its people, preserving its sovereignty and territorial integrity and ensuring the country’s future security is not undermined, prosecuting those responsible for war crimes, and securing reparations; stresses that peace negotiations must be preceded by an unconditional ceasefire;

15. Urges the EU and its Member States to impose further targeted sanctions on individuals and entities responsible for or complicit in the unlawful detention and ill treatment of Ukrainian detainees and the obstruction of humanitarian access to them;

21. Stresses that in the light of the shift in the United States’ stance on Russia’s war of aggression, the EU and its Member States must remain Ukraine’s primary strategic allies and should reinforce their leadership role in supporting Ukraine’s struggle for sovereignty, peace and justice;

16. Demands that the EU further increase the pressure of sanctions against the aggressor by targeting key sections of the Russian economy, countering sanctions’ circumvention that significantly lowers the oil price cap on Russian oil, and further limiting Russia’s access to high-tech components and equipment manufactured abroad, among other things;

22. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Council, the Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the President, Government and parliament of Ukraine, and to Russia and Belarus.

17. Underlines that it is unacceptable that, in the fourth year of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, Russian missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles used in attacks continue to rely heavily on Western-manufactured components; calls on the international community to actively support and join Ukrainian investigations into such cases, and to step up efforts to dismantle the chain of intermediaries through which the Russian Federation obtains critical technologies;

18. Strongly condemns the confirmed recruitment and deployment of Cuban nationals, including through deception and coercion, into the ranks of the Russian armed forces, notably in units such as the 106th Airborne Division; notes that, after North Korean soldiers, Cuban nationals represent the second-largest foreign contingent within the aggressor’s army; calls for an urgent international investigation into Russian transnational recruitment and trafficking networks, including those operating between Russia and Cuba, which exploit vulnerable individuals under false pretences of employment and ultimately lead them into forced military conscription; urges social media platforms to remove content linked to pro-Russian propaganda and so-called assistance for enlistment; underlines growing suspicions that the Havana Government is silently facilitating the deployment of mercenaries to the war and may even be directly sending its own security personnel, thereby supporting its long-standing partner in the conflict in exchange for substantial financial compensation per mercenary; warns that the case of Cuba sets a dangerous precedent and should serve as a stark warning to other states or actors considering similar vicious engagements;

19. Expresses unwavering solidarity with the Ukrainian people and reaffirms its commitment to achieving justice for victims of aggression and unlawful detention, as an essential foundation for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine;

20. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Council, the Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the President, Government and Parliament of Ukraine, and the Russian authorities.